Sanshool from Zanthoxylum L. induces apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells

You, Yuming; Zhou, Min; Lu, Hongjia; Shirima, Gasper Gerald; Cheng, Yajiao; Xiong, Liu

doi:10.1007/s10068-015-0289-3

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, constituents responding for the special taste of "ma" are unsaturated fatty acid amides of sanshool, especially the hydroxy-α-sanshool, hydroxy-β-sanshool, and hydroxy-γ-sanshool etc, and possess various pharmacological activities such as antitumor, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and analgesic properties, etc. [4][5][6][7]. In addition, the leaves of ZBM is widely utilized in food seasonings because of its unique aroma and taste which are similar to the flavor of the pericarps of ZBM [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on flavor substances of leaves and pericarps of <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim. at different harvest periods

Zhu¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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To study the transformation of the aroma components and pungent constituents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (ZBM) leaves and pericarps at different periods, and to provide a basis for selecting an appropriate harvest time for the pericarps and leaves. Methods: Quantitative analysis of the pungent components of ZBM leaves and pericarps was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while their aroma constituents were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Results: HPLC analysis revealed that hydroxy-α-sanshool was the predominant pungent component in both the leaves and pericarps of different parts of ZBM at different harvest periods, followed by hydroxyγ-sanshool and hydroxy-β-sanshool. During the growth of ZBM, the contents of pungent substances in the leaves declined gradually, while pungent substances in the pericarps increased. The results of HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis showed that linalyl acetate, linalool and limonene were the major aroma components of the leaves and pericarps of ZBM at different harvest periods. During the growth of ZBM, the contents of monoterpenes in the leaves decreased gradually, whereas monoterpenes in the pericarps increased. Conclusion: These results suggest that the pungent and aroma components produced in ZBM at early developmental stages are stored in the leaves, and are gradually transferred to the pericarps at the final developmental stages. Thus, the leaves of ZBM can be used as a new source of food and medicine.

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confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on flavor substances of leaves and pericarps of <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim. at different harvest periods

Zhu¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…In another investigation, sanshools could effectively suppress HepG2 cell proliferation (0~250 μg/mL) and induce apoptosis (0~200 μg/mL) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the mechanism mainly correlated with the upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of p53 and caspase-3. In particular, the sanshools at a concentration of 250 μg/mL showed a notable inhibitory effect on HepG2 with inhibition rates of 51.2%, 73.01%, and 85.01% at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively [ 89 , 90 ]. Zhao et al (2017) revealed that the EEZB (1 μg/mL~8 μg/mL, for 48 h) could dose-dependently induce obvious apoptosis and inhibit cell growth in HepG2 cells, and the main possible mechanism is to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis through downregulating Mcl-1, Survivin, Bcl-xL expression and upregulating Bax expression [ 91 ].…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae): A Systematic Review of Its Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology

Zhang

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2017

IJMS

170

103

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Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae) is a popular food additive and traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly named HuaJiao in China. This plant is widely distributed in Asian countries. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of this plant. Furthermore, the possible development and perspectives for future research on this plant are also discussed. To date, over 140 compounds have been isolated and identified from Z. bungeanum, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and free fatty acids. The extracts and compounds have been shown to possess wide-ranging biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects, antibacterial and antifungal effects, as well as regulatory effects on the gastrointestinal system and nervous system, and other effects. As a traditional herbal medicine, Z. bungeanum has been widely used to treat many diseases, especially digestive disorders, toothache, stomach ache, and diarrhea. Many traditional usages of this plant have been validated by present investigations. However, further research elucidating the structure-function relationship among chemical compounds, understanding the mechanism of unique sensation, as well as exploring new clinical effects and establishing criteria for quality control for Z. bungeanum should be further studied.

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“…Nowadays, more than 25 alkylamides have been isolated and identified (Zhang et al., 2017), mainly include α‐sanshool, β‐sanshool, γ‐sanshool, δ‐sanshool, and their homologs that have a hydroxyl in the amino part (Bader et al., 2014; Ren et al., 2017). The numb‐taste components of Zanthoxylum L. exhibit various physiological properties, such as anesthetic, analgesic, antioxidative, amelioration of skin conditions, anticancer, and prevention of cognitive impairments (Devkota et al., 2013; Hao et al., 2019; Tsunozaki et al., 2013; You, Zhou, Lu, et al., 2015; You, Zhou, Wang, et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2019). Owing to these properties, Zanthoxylum L. has drawn wide attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its mechanism in rats fed with a high‐fat diet

2020

Self Cite

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This research aimed at exploring the effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its potential mechanisms using high-fat diet rat model. Treatment with Zanthoxylum alkylamides for 6 weeks, food efficiency and atherogenic index of the low, medium, and high doses of Zanthoxylum alkylamides-treated groups were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the histopathological structure of the livers showed that hepatic steatosis in the groups treated with Zanthoxylum alkylamides was reduced, particularly the HD group. Moreover, the related genes were studied, such as, liver X receptor (LXR), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), hepatic 3-hydroxyl-2-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 2 (SREBP-2), ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype1 (TRPV1). These results demonstrated that Zanthoxylum alkylamides could ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism may be the downregulation of the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis and bile acid reabsorption-related genes, reduction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion. Practical applications High-energy diet is a potential risk of lipid metabolic disorder. Many studies have shown that hyperlipidemia can lead to atherosclerosis and even hemangioma, cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease, and other diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Therefore, seeking an effective and safe way to prevent the obesityrelated disease is necessary. This research found that Zanthoxylum alkylamide could ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism may be the downregulation of the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis and ileal absorption of bile acid genes, reduction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion. Therefore, Zanthoxylum alkylamide has the potential for preventing or alleviating high-energy intake-related obesity.

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Sanshool from Zanthoxylum L. induces apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Comparative studies on flavor substances of leaves and pericarps of <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim. at different harvest periods

Comparative studies on flavor substances of leaves and pericarps of <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim. at different harvest periods

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae): A Systematic Review of Its Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology

Effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its mechanism in rats fed with a high‐fat diet

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