Sanitization of Contaminated Footwear from Onychomycosis Patients Using Ozone Gas: A Novel Adjunct Therapy for Treating Onychomycosis and Tinea Pedis?

Gupta, Aditya K.; Brintnell, William

doi:10.2310/7750.2012.12068

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To date, treatments for disinfection of footwear based on ultraviolet (Ghannoum et al, 2012) and ozone (Gupta et al, 2013) have been successfully tested, but to prevent colonization bacteria and fungi lining, the application of substances is required which at the same time have a low toxicity for both the wearer and the environment. Other studies developed for incorporating antimicrobial technologies into leather compounds matrix to control and eradicate microorganisms associated with the surface of leather (Deselnicu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of some Essential Oils on Cotton Fabrics

Berechet¹,

Chirila²,

Deselnicu³

2016

The International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems

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Pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and fungi such as Trichophyton interdigitale may easily develop inside footwear (cotton linings), causing "foot fungus" or "athlete's foot", a fungal infection that affects the skin, especially in the interdigital space and nails. Previous studies have shown that some essential oils have antibacterial and antifungal effect. The aim of the present study was to test antifungal activity of five essential oils (origanum, clove, orange, lavender and cinnamon) applied onto the cotton fabric used for shoe lining, with the purpose of preventing mycoses caused by Trichophyton interdigitale. The antifungal activities of the tested essential oils against Trichophyton interdigitale revealed that origanum and cinnamon oils, as well as the combination of origanumclove-orange and clove-lavender-cinnamon completely inhibited the growth of Trichophyton interdigitale on cotton fabrics, with potential application in footwear production and/or exploitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of some Essential Oils on Cotton Fabrics

Berechet¹,

Chirila²,

Deselnicu³

2016

The International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems

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“…14 Two of the three sanitization experiments (direct ozone application combined with a drying cycle) showed a reduction in the fungal burden; however, the third experiment showed an increase in the number of viable organisms. 14 It was suggested that the increase in the number of viable organisms found in the third experiment could be linked to the drying/heating component, as heat can activate organisms. The authors did not recommend open style ozone devices, as they are less likely to produce the required level of ozone needed to maximize sanitization efficacy.…”

Section: Ozonementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Tanaka et al, 2006 16 Boiling water, cold water, and wiping methods Ghannoum et al, 2012 4 SteriShoe accompanied by a cycle of UVC irradiation Gupta and Brintnell, 2013 14 Ozone application with a drying/ heating component Cronin et al, 2014 11 UV irradiation Messina et al, 2015 5 Cyberclean, a sanitizing putty Abbreviation: PCP, pentachlorophenate. 26,27,47 Bactericides and fungicides English et al, 1967 32 Laundering Broughton, 1955 6 Laundering Tanaka et al, 2006 16 Laundering with or without soap and sock position Borkow and Mellibovsky, 2012 48 Copper oxide Amichai et al, 2013 33 Laundering at 408C or 608C Amichai et al, 2014 22 Sun exposure 36 Laundering and sanitization measures a Jung et al, 2007 37 Silver ion laundry machine He et al, 2008 38 Silver and light irradiation laundry machine Borkow and Gabbay, 2008 29 Copper oxide…”

Section: Mothballsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…phyte molds, yeasts, or a combination thereof. 14 It was also discovered that dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) could still be detected in inner soles of previously used shoes that had been stored for 1 to 4 weeks. 15 This suggests that common causal strains associated with superficial fungal infections have the potential to survive for long periods in shoes, necessitating a means of effective removal.…”

Section: Mothballsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Shoe and Sock Sanitization in the Management of Superficial Fungal Infections of the Feet

Gupta

Versteeg

2019

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Because of the ubiquitous nature of dermatophytes and a lack of an adaptive immune response in the nail plate, recurrence and relapse rates associated with superficial fungal infections are high (10%-53%). Cured or improved dermatophytosis patients could become reinfected if exposed to fungal reservoirs, such as an infected shoe, sock, or textile. To prevent this, footwear, sock, and textile sanitization methods can be used. To provide insight into effective sanitization options, the focus of this article is to review footwear, sock, and textile sanitization studies conducted throughout history (1920-2016). Thirty-three studies are covered in this review, encompassing techniques ranging from formaldehyde fumigation and foot powder application, to more modern approaches such as UV light and silver-light irradiation technologies. Older sanitization methods (eg, boiling, use of chlorine and salts) are quite limited in their practicality, as they can result in health complications and ruin shoe integrity. Newer approaches to shoe and sock sanitization, such as ozone application and UV irradiation, have shown very promising results. Further research is still needed with these modern techniques, as knowledge gaps and cost prevent the creation of standardized parameters for successful use. By combining sanitization methods with other preventative measures, protection against reinfection may be enhanced.

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“…In one study, at least 10.46% of the patients with onychomycosis and tinea pedis were shown to be at risk of reinfection by contact with their socks [34]. A number of techniques have been shown to be effective in disinfecting footwear, including terbinafine, ultraviolet light, and ozone [35,36,37,38]. …”

Section: Practical Approaches To Minimize Relapse and Recurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Onychomycosis: Practical Approaches to Minimize Relapse and Recurrence

Tosti

Elewski

2016

Skin Appendage Disord

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Introduction: Toenail onychomycosis is a common disease in which treatment options are limited and treatment failures and disease recurrence are frequently encountered. It usually requires many months of treatment, and recurrence may occur in more than half of the patients within 1 year or more after the infection has been eradicated. Data on long-term treatment, follow-up and recurrence are limited. Objective: Our objective is to interpret these data and recommend practical approaches that should minimize recurrence based on our clinical experience. Results: Several factors have been suggested to play a role in the high incidence of recurrence, but only the extent of nail involvement and co-existing diabetes mellitus have been shown to have a significant impact. Conclusion: The use of topical antifungals to prevent recurrences after complete cure was achieved has been suggested by various workers and used successfully in our practice. However, it has never been validated through clinical studies. Topical prophylaxis once weekly or twice monthly would seem appropriate in those patients most at risk. Prompt treatment of tinea pedis is essential, as is ensuring family members are free from disease. Patient education and pharmacologic intervention are equally important, and there are a number of simple strategies patients can employ. Managing onychomycosis is a significant long-term commitment for any patient, and minimizing recurrence is critical to meet their expectations.

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Sanitization of Contaminated Footwear from Onychomycosis Patients Using Ozone Gas: A Novel Adjunct Therapy for Treating Onychomycosis and Tinea Pedis?

Abstract: Ozone gas is effective in sanitizing footwear and represents a novel adjunct therapy to be used in conjunction with antifungal medications and/or devices to better treat onychomycosis and tinea pedis patients in both the short and the long term.

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Antifungal Activity of some Essential Oils on Cotton Fabrics

Antifungal Activity of some Essential Oils on Cotton Fabrics

The Role of Shoe and Sock Sanitization in the Management of Superficial Fungal Infections of the Feet

Onychomycosis: Practical Approaches to Minimize Relapse and Recurrence

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