Sanitation planning for squatter settlements as urban water management in Mumbai

Biswas, Rathin; Arya, Kavi; Deshpande, Shankar

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2018.1509100

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, it is known that a northern area of Fosen Michel was demolished in late 2020 (there is no data available yet on access changes). However, there remains strong precedent for using OSM for low-income and unplanned urban environments (Biswas et al 2018;Branchet et al 2019). Similar limitations exist for the representation of the buildings (which were manually identified from satellite imagery), compounded by the fact that the method cannot account for the different functions of each structure (household, business, storage, etc.)…”

Section: Limitations Of Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation

et al. 2021

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Container-based sanitation (CBS) is increasingly used to provide safely managed sanitation in low-income urban settlements. However, questions remain around the viability of scaling up the technology, partly because it relies on regular emptying and servicing of containers by a CBS provider. This paper investigates mechanisms by which this process can be achieved efficiently. Three separate collection strategies are evaluated for their routing efficiencies as CBS goes to scale. An open-source route optimisation solver determines the constituent driving and walking distances necessary for each strategy and has been applied in areas of Cape Town, Cap-Haïtien, Lima and Nairobi. The results indicate that with fewer users (e.g. 50) transfer station models offer the shortest driving routes. However, these do require users to carry their containers (e.g. up to 170 m when stations are 100 m apart). As the number of users increases (e.g. to 5,000), visiting individual houses from a neighbourhood depot offers increasingly efficient driving distances. Overall, however, the results suggest that economies in collection distances for scaled CBS will be largely conditional on greater vehicle capacity (rather than any particular provision strategy). This highlights the importance of road access throughout low-income urban settlements in providing a viable CBS service at scale.

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Section: Limitations Of Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation

et al. 2021

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“…A survey of slum populations in specific wards of the city shows that 65% of the respondents access a common water connection for drinking water and 84% depend on public toilets (Deshmukh, 2013). Another ward‐level study of demand for toilets finds a large deficit in the number of toilet blocks (Biswas et al, 2018). More than 70% of existing toilets are in poor condition (Biswas et al, 2020).…”

Section: Access To Basic Services In Slumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure, enforcement, and COVID‐19 in Mumbai slums: A first look

Tandel

Gandhi²,

Patranabis³

et al. 2021

Journal of Regional Science

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This study is among the first to investigate whether patterns of access to basic services could explain the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 in slums. Using geolocated containment zones and COVID-19 case data for Mumbai, India's most populous city, we find that cases and case fatality rates are higher in slums compared with formal residential buildings.Our results show that access to toilets for men is associated with lower COVID-19 prevalence. However, the effect is opposite in the case of toilets for women. This could be because limited hours for safely using toilets and higher waiting times increase the risk of exposure, and women and children sharing toilet facilities results in crowding. Proximity to water pipelines has no effect on prevalence, likely because slumdwellers are disconnected from formal water supply networks. Indoor crowding does not seem to have an effect on case prevalence.Finally, while police capacity-measured by number of police station outposts-is associated with lower prevalence in nonslum areas, indicating effective enforcement of containment, this relationship does not hold in slums. The study highlights the urgency of finding viable solutions for slum improvement and upgrading to mitigate the effects of contagion for some of the most vulnerable populations.

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More toilet infrastructures do not nullify open defecation: a perspective from squatter settlements in megacity Mumbai

2020

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Sanitation problems faced by the humanity are tightly coupled with the ever-growing water problems. Better sanitation infrastructures ensure sustainable solutions to the health and water issues faced by the majority of the urban population on the planet. In this study, we investigated sanitation status for squatter settlements in Mumbai, a major global megacity. We observe that capacity building in terms of adequate toilet infrastructure alone cannot eliminate open defecation. There is a huge need for more toilet blocks in Mumbai's wards, even after considering unusable public and community toilets into account, since 71-99% out of 8417 toilets are not in good condition. We contend that the normal perception regarding more toilet infrastructures and its alleviating effect on open defecation is not always directly correlated and is an emerging as well as a complex urban issue. We corroborate the need for addressing associated governance issues along with capacity building, which will help stakeholders to identify the prevailing sanitation scenario towards further policy amendments. Further, effectively identifying the trends and processes entangled in the urban sanitation issues can ensure a more sustainable resource utilization situation and a better standard of living for the urban poor.

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Sanitation planning for squatter settlements as urban water management in Mumbai

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation

An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation

Infrastructure, enforcement, and COVID‐19 in Mumbai slums: A first look

More toilet infrastructures do not nullify open defecation: a perspective from squatter settlements in megacity Mumbai

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