Sanitation behavior among schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic area of Northern rural Vietnam

Xuan, Le Thi Thanh; Hoat, Luu Ngoc; Rheinländer, Thilde; Dalsgaard, Anders; Konradsen, Flemming

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-140

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since there is no support for toilet resource, community member usually defecates in open grounds or nearby bushes [21]. This observation might be a prob-able reason for the continued contamination of soil, thus promoting STH reinfection, even when water resource and hygiene education programmes are in place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resource, Hygienic Practice, and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis in Some Rural Communities of Osun State, Nigeria

Fafunwa¹,

Mogaji²,

Oluwole³

et al. 2017

JWARP

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Provision of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources has been advocated as necessary add-on strategy for sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) alongside annual mass drug administration (MDA) of albendazole to endemic communities. This study investigated the burden of STH and status of WASH resources in eight rural communities in Aiyedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria. Four of the communities were supported with improved water and hygiene resources (Category A), and another four supported only with improved water resources (Category B). Two hundred and sixteen (216) fresh stool samples were collected from consenting community members and screened for Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura infections using ether concentration method. The status and condition of WASH resources were determined using questionnaire and physical observation. An overall prevalence of 35.2% was observed for any STH infection. Species' prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura prevalence was 33.8%, 22.7%, and 0.5% respectively. Intensity of STH infection was significantly higher in Category A communities than in Category B communities. The prevalence of STH in Category A communities was higher (42.0%) than that in Category B communities (30.1%). There were significant differences (p = 0.000) in STH infections between the two categories. The status of improved water supply was not significantly different (p = 0.3153) in the two categories. Knowledge, attitude, and practices about STH, its transmission and control were low in both categories of communities. These results imply that current implementation of WASH which tends to focus on resource distribution, equity, and coverage, is unlikely to impact on STH transmission and control. Therefore, it is necessary for WASH providers to consider STH transmission control in their planning and implementation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resource, Hygienic Practice, and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis in Some Rural Communities of Osun State, Nigeria

Fafunwa¹,

Mogaji²,

Oluwole³

et al. 2017

JWARP

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“…For home observation, 20 homes comprising 24 children (8 in highland and 12 in lowland) in four villages were selected and observed for 76 days, with 3–5 days for one home observation (29). The selected homes were purposively from those schoolchildren participating in the structural questionnaire at school.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handwashing among schoolchildren in an ethnically diverse population in northern rural Vietnam

Xuan

Hoat

2013

Global Health Action

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BackgroundHandwashing with soap (HWWS) is a simple and effective measure to prevent transmission of fecal–oral disease and other infectious diseases in school-age children. To promote the behavior, we need to understand their HWWS compliance. The aim of this article is to describe handwashing behavior and HWWS compliance and to identify associated factors among schoolchildren in the multiethnic rural area of northern Vietnam.MethodsThe study was conducted in six primary and secondary schools and in the homes of four ethnic villages in northern Vietnam. Quantitative methods included face-to-face interviews with, and demonstration of handwashing protocol to, 319 schoolchildren in first, fourth, and seventh grades. Qualitative methods included structured observations at six schools and 20 homes comprising 24 children. The dependent variable was the self-reported HWWS behavior (yes/no). The independent variables included grade, school type, gender, ethnicity group, owning home latrine, and household assets. Logistic regression modelling was performed to examine associations between HWWS behavior and demographic factors.ResultsAmong the 319 schoolchildren interviewed, 66% reported HWWS. Through the demonstration protocol, only 10 out of 319 schoolchildren, performed HWWS satisfactorily. The percentage of students who washed their hands at recommended times (30–60 sec) was 58%. This proportion increased by grade (from 34% among grade 1 to 67% among grade 7; p<0.05). Correlates of self-reported HWWS were more common in higher grades [grade 4 vs. grade 1: odds ratio (OR)=4.14 (2.00–8.56), grade 7 vs. grade 1: OR=7.76 (3.67–16.4)] and less common in ethnic minority groups [Xa Phó vs. Kinh-Tay: OR=0.28 (0.11–0.70)]. All 20 homes of schoolchildren visited had soap and water but none of the six schools had soap for handwashing.ConclusionsThis article describes poor compliance of schoolchildren with HWWS in a multiethnic population in Vietnam. Education on handwashing needs to be prioritized among multiethnic children at school.

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“…It is therefore reasonable that reduction in the transmission of STH among SAC cannot be achieved or sustained only by providing WASH resources. Inadequate numbers of latrines, limited accessibility and lack of maintenance by school management have been documented as factors that predisposes pupils to defecation on open grounds and nearby bushes (Xuan et al 2012). It is therefore important to take into cognizance, issues of adequacy and maintenance of WASH resources to ensure sustained and effective intervention effect on STH transmission and control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary survey of school-based water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) resources and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in eight public schools in Odeda LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria

et al. 2017

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This cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the status of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in Odeda, Ogun State, Nigeria. The status and condition of WASH resources were determined in eight selected schools (three with WASH support and five without). Stool samples were also collected from 428 pupils from both school categories and screened for STH infections. Findings showed that water and sanitation conditions of WASH resource programming schools were better than those in schools without WASH support. However, pupils' knowledge about STH infections and basic hygiene were not significantly different between both categories of school (P > 0·05). The prevalence of Hookworm, Ascariasis and Trichuriasis cases recorded were 26·2, 18·2 and 1·6% respectively, with an overall prevalence of 33·4%. By school categories, Ascariasis (14·9 vs 20·6), Hookworm (17·7 vs 32·0), Trichuriasis (1·7 vs 1·6) and, any STH prevalence (27·4 vs 37·5) were recorded for schools with WASH resource programming and those without respectively. A greater portion of the infected children 95 (66·4%) were from schools without WASH support. Our findings imply that WASH resource may have very positive impact on the control of STH among school children. However, there is need for improvement on coverage, adequacy and maintenance of WASH facilities in school.

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Sanitation behavior among schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic area of Northern rural Vietnam

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Water Resource, Hygienic Practice, and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis in Some Rural Communities of Osun State, Nigeria

Water Resource, Hygienic Practice, and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis in Some Rural Communities of Osun State, Nigeria

Handwashing among schoolchildren in an ethnically diverse population in northern rural Vietnam

A preliminary survey of school-based water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) resources and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in eight public schools in Odeda LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria

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