Sanitation and Hygiene Practices of Nigeria’s Coastal Communities and Associated Socio-economic Characteristics: Study of Two Akwa Ibom Communities

Okafo, C; Nwude, MO

doi:10.9734/bjast/2016/20512

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…According to Mayuge government data, latrine coverage in Mayuge is 62% [ 30 ], however other studies report much lower levels of only 33% of people living by Lake Victoria in Uganda having latrines [ 17 ]. Our findings support the lower estimates, with a large number of people having to perform open defecation due to lack of facilities, mirroring other Uganda research [ 64 ] and research in Tanzania and Nigeria [ 67 , 68 ]. This leads to the continued practice of activities that put both themselves and others at risk of catching schistosomiasis [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We recommend improving availability, and accessibility of WASH facilities including safe water, to reduce everyday contact with lake water [ 64 , 68 ]. Careful consideration needs to be given to the siting of affordable, acceptable, reliable alternative water sources like placing piers at the lake to reduce submergence for those who prefer, or need to continue, collecting water from the lake, or providing a free water filtration system to reduce parasite load [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding perceptions of schistosomiasis and its control among highly endemic lakeshore communities in Mayuge, Uganda

et al. 2023

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Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and a serious global-health problem with over 230 million people requiring treatment, of which the majority live in Africa. In Uganda, over 4 million people are infected. Extensive parasitological data exist on infection prevalence, intensities and the impact of repeated praziquantel mass drug administration (MDA). However, how perceptions of schistosomiasis shape prevention and treatment practices and their implications for control measures are much less well understood. Methods Rapid ethnographic appraisals were performed for six weeks in each of three Schistosoma mansoni high endemicity communities on the shores of Lake Victoria, Mayuge District, Uganda. Data were collected between September 2017 and April 2018. Data were collected through structured observations, transect walks, and participant observation, and sixty in-depth interviews and 19 focus group discussions with purposively recruited participants. Data were analyzed thematically using iterative categorization, looking at five key areas: perceptions of 1) the symptoms of schistosomiasis; 2) the treatment of schistosomiasis; 3) how schistosomiasis is contracted; 4) how schistosomiasis is transmitted onwards and responsibilities associated with this; and 5) how people can prevent infection and/or onward transmission. Results Observations revealed open defecation is a common practice in all communities, low latrine coverage compared to the population, and all communities largely depend on lake water and contact it on daily basis. Perceptions that a swollen stomach was a sign/symptom of ‘ekidada’ (caused by witchcraft) resulted in some people rejecting free praziquantel in favour of herbal treatment from traditional healers at a fee. Others rejected praziquantel because of its perceived side effects. People who perceived that schistosomiasis is caught from drinking unboiled lake water did not seek to minimize skin contact with infected water sources. Community members had varied perceptions about how one can catch and transmit schistosomiasis and these perceptions affect prevention and treatment practices. Open defecation and urinating in the lake were considered the main route of transmission, all communities attributed blame for transmission to the fishermen which was acknowledged by some fishermen. And, lastly, schistosomiasis was considered hard to prevent due to lack of access to safe water. Conclusion Despite over 15 years of MDA and associated education, common misconceptions surrounding schistosomiasis exist. Perceptions people have about schistosomiasis profoundly shape not only prevention but also treatment practices, greatly reducing intervention uptake. Therefore, we advocate for a contextualized health education programme, alongside MDA, implementation of improved access to safe-water and sanitation and continued research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding perceptions of schistosomiasis and its control among highly endemic lakeshore communities in Mayuge, Uganda

et al. 2023

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“…Due to the steady availability and access to water supply, 100% of the respondents in this study washed their hands after using the toilet, which was higher than the proportions reported in other rural surveys [9,22,27]. In addition, 97% of the respondents washed their hands with soap and water, which was also higher than reports from other rural communities [9,20]. The use of ash from palm kernel ash as a local soap is not generally acceptable.…”

Section: Water Sanitation and Hygiene Management In Abimbola Villagementioning

confidence: 55%

“…A study by Okafor and Nwude examining the water supply of communities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, revealed that the motorized pump boreholes provided by the State Government in Ibaka community were not functional due to erratic power supply and poor maintenance. The locals were left with no choice but to depend on privately owned boreholes and a stream [20]. Another study examining the progress of the Oyo State Rural Water and Sanitation (WATSAN) Project revealed that a major challenge with the boreholes provided for rural areas in Oyo State was the absence of maintenance structures.…”

Section: Water Sanitation and Hygiene Management In Abimbola Villagementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Management in a Nigerian Rural Community

Wada

Olawade

Asogbon

et al. 2021

IJTDH

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The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) disparities between the rural and urban areas have hindered the Sustainable Development Goal 6. Recent data is required in our bid to tackle this menace effectively. This study aimed to provide data on the status of household WASH facilities in a remote village in Southwestern Nigeria. The survey was cross-sectional in design, and total sampling was used to select 70 household respondents. Data were obtained via observational checklists, questionnaire, and key informant interview guide. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics like measures of frequency and proportions were used. The respondents had a mean age of 43.1 ± 16.4 years, only 2.9% had tertiary education. The village had two handpump boreholes provided by the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform Programme (WSSSRP)-II. All the respondents reported that the boreholes were their primary drinking water source, and water was available all through the year. In over 80% of households, females were assigned the duty to fetch water, while most households had the boreholes within 30 minutes from their houses. The sanitation facilities were also provided via the WSSSRP-II. The majority (90%) of the respondents owned pit latrine with slab, of which only 10% shared their facilities with other households. Most (95.7%) of the respondents still practised open defecation at instances they could not access their household latrines. All the toilets had water for handwashing, and the soap commonly used by community members was palm kernel ash. The condition of water and sanitation in the village was quite progressive. However, subsequent interventions should ensure toilet facilities are available in non-household settings like farms and markets.

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Study on Excreta Disposal Methods and the Occurrence of Faeco-oral Diseases in Owerri-North L.G.A, Imo State

Chikwe¹,

Okereke²,

Ebirim³

et al. 2020

Arch Community Med Public Health

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Introduction: Access to excreta disposal facility (sanitary toilet) is a necessary human right of everybody and the fundamental sign of sustainable development. Children and adults regularly suffer from diarrhea and typhoid fever which are diseases that are spread mostly through faeco-oral route. The general objective of this study was to determine the excreta disposal methods and the occurrence of faeco-oral diseases in Owerri-north L.G.A., Imo State. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed for this study. The sample size was calculated using Yamane formula as such the sample size was 400. Multi-stage sampling method was used in selecting communities that participated in the study. Data was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Data collected was presented using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages; the hypotheses were tested using chi-square (x2) statistic at ≤0.05 level of signifi cance. Result: The result revealed that of the 400 households sampled; 83.3% uses water closet/ pour-fl ush latrine, 11.0% uses pit latrine, 3.8% uses VIP latrine, 1.0% practices wrap and throw methods, 0.5% uses bucket latrine while 0.2% practices both digging in the compound and sand fi ll/ open defecation respectively. Frequently reported faeco-oral diseases include; Typhoid fever (34.0%), Diarrhea (20.3%) and Dysentery (4.8%). The study also revealed that there was a signifi cant relationship between faeco-oral diseases suffered by members of the households and the type of the toilet system used by the household (X2=96.2702, P<0.002). Conclusion: Although most households in this study area use water closet/pour fl ush latrine, which is the most convenient and environmental friendly excreta disposal method yet majority of them suffer from faeco-oral diseases. Therefore, households should practice hygienic use of their various excreta disposal facilities in order to prevent occurrence of faeco-oral diseases.

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Sanitation and Hygiene Practices of Nigeria’s Coastal Communities and Associated Socio-economic Characteristics: Study of Two Akwa Ibom Communities

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding perceptions of schistosomiasis and its control among highly endemic lakeshore communities in Mayuge, Uganda

Understanding perceptions of schistosomiasis and its control among highly endemic lakeshore communities in Mayuge, Uganda

Evaluation of Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Management in a Nigerian Rural Community

Study on Excreta Disposal Methods and the Occurrence of Faeco-oral Diseases in Owerri-North L.G.A, Imo State

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