Sandwiching Phosphorene with Iron Porphyrin Monolayer for High Stability and Its Biomimetic Sensor to Sensitively Detect Living Cell Released NO

Abstract

Instability of 2D phosphorene material is the major obstacle for its broad applications. Herein phosphorene is sandwiched with self-assembled iron porphyrin monolayers on both sides (I-Phene) to significantly enhance stability. Iron porphyrin has strong interaction with phosphorene through formation of P-Fe bonds. The sandwich structure offers excellent stability of phosphorene by both-sided monolayer protections for an intact phosphorene structure more than 40 days under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, the electron transfer between iron porphyrin and phosphorene result in a high oxidation state of Fe, making I-Phene biomimetic sensitivity toward oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) for 2.5 and 4.0 times higher than phosphorene and iron-porphyrin alone, respectively. Moreover, I-Phene exhibits excellent selectivity, a wide detection range, and a low detection limit at a low oxidation potential of 0.82 V, which is comparable with the reported noble metal based biomimetic sensors while ranking the best among all non-noble biomimetic ones. I-Phene is further used for real-time monitoring NO released from cells. This work provides effective approach against phosphorene degrading for outstanding stability, which has universal significance for its various important applications, and holds a great promise for a highly sensitive biomimetic sensor in live-cell assays.

On the Road from Single-Atom Materials to Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing

“…The resultant electrochemical sensor is quite responsive to NO with a nanomolar detection limit, demonstrating its practical feasibility in the real-time detection of NO released from living cells. Furthermore, tuning metal–support interaction in SAMs for improving NO electrochemical sensing performance was also reported . Iron porphyrin-modified phosphorene (I-Phene) with typical Fe–N 4 sites exhibits excellent electrochemical oxidation performance for NO with a low oxidation potential of 0.82 V. The electron transfer effect of Fe–P bonds in I-Phene induces the formation of the high oxidation state of Fe.…”

“…Furthermore, tuning metal−support interaction in SAMs for improving NO electrochemical sensing performance was also reported. 53 Iron porphyrin-modified phosphorene (I-Phene) with typical Fe−N 4 sites exhibits excellent electrochemical oxidation performance for NO with a low oxidation potential of 0.82 V. The electron transfer effect of Fe−P bonds in I-Phene induces the formation of the high oxidation state of Fe. As a consequence, the fabricated electrochemical sensors are 2.5 and 4.0 times more sensitive than phosphorene and iron porphyrin-based electrochemical sensors, respectively.…”

Chirality-Dependent Tumor Phototherapy Using Amino Acid-Engineered Chiral Phosphorene

“…The above works demonstrate that BPNS could be used as a practical phototherapeutic tool to guide tumor treatment. However, existing curative BPNS regimens still have some practical limitations and should be further improved to enhance their antitumor phototherapy effects, tailored degradation, and metabolism in the physiological environment. ,− Multifarious surface passivation strategies have been employed to improve the stability of BPNS and delay its decomposition but have resulted in reduced BPNS activities. − Thus, considering the advantages of chiral nanomaterials and the remarkable in-plane anisotropy of BPNS, the newly designed and created chiral BPNS might act as a competitive phototherapeutic nanoagent that could boost the efficacy of antitumor treatments.…”

Determination of rSpike Protein by Specific Antibodies with Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Modified by Electrodeposited Gold Nanostructures

“…Total internal reflection ellipsometry [ 7 ], scanning electrochemical microscopy, surface plasmon resonance [ 19 ], quartz crystal microbalance methods, colorimetry [ 20 ], electrochemiluminescence [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], electrochemical techniques [ 25 ], and other methods [ 26 ] are among those that can be used to determine analytical signals generated by affinity sensors. When using the techniques of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), the current response is proportional to the analyte concentration [ 27 ].…”