The synthesis of
size and shape controlled Au/Ag/Pd alloy nanoparticles
(NPs) and their self-supported assembly into monolithic aerogels for
electro-oxidation of ethanol is reported. Two distinct morphologies
of ultrasmall (3–5 nm) Au/Ag/Pd alloy NPs were produced via
stepwise galvanic replacement of thiol-coated Ag NPs. The resultant
nanoalloys were self-assembled into large, free-standing, aerogel
superstructures that exhibit direct NP connectivity, high surface
area (269 ± 18.1–76 ± 6.4 m2/g) and mesoporosity
(2–50 nm), and high electrocatalytic activity via controlled
oxidation of the surfactant ligands. The gelation kinetics have been
tuned by varying the oxidant/surfactant molar ratio that governs the
acidity of sol–gel reaction and consequently the extent of
Ag dealloying with in situ generated HNO3. As-synthesized
Au/Ag/Pd aerogels exhibit polymeric or colloidal gel morphology that
can be manipulated by varying the shape and composition of precursor
NPs. The electrocatalytic activity of ternary alloy aerogels for oxidation
of ethanol was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.
The monolithic aerogels exhibit high catalytic activity and durability,
which is ∼20–30 times greater than those of the discrete
Au/Ag/Pd alloy NPs. The polymeric morphology of high Pd-containing
alloy aerogels resulted in ∼1 order of magnitude higher current
density and mass activity in comparison to low Pd-containing colloidal
aerogels. The synergistic effect of trimetallic alloy mitigates the
catalyst poisoning effects and increases the stability and durability
while the self-supported superstructure with direct NP connectivity,
high surface area, and mesoporosity offers a facile conduit for both
molecular and electron transport, enabling Au/Ag/Pd aerogel as a high-efficiency
electrocatalyst.