Sandwich Photothermal Membrane with Confined Hierarchical Carbon Cells Enabling High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation

Tian, Cheng; Liu, Jing; Ruan, Ruofan; Tian, Xinlong; Lai, Xiaoyong; Lü, Xing; Su, Yaqiong; Wei, Huang; Cao, Yang; Tu, Jian

doi:10.1002/smll.202000573

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[ 3,49 ] As shown in Figure a, the concentration of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ were reduced from the initial 11 619, 376.6, 1203.2, 1052.8 mg·L −1 to 0.18, 0.39, 0.16, 0.074 mg·L −1 after treated by the sample of Zn‐WCCF, which can meet the standards of the Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. [ 2,50 ] Figure 9b shows the evaporation rates of the Zn‐WCCF based evaporator were stable after 10 cycles due to slightly salt accumulation on the evaporator surface after long time evaporation (Figure S4, Supporting Information). It is indicated that the sample of Zn‐WCCF has good durability for seawater treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the expanding of world population and industrialization, clean water and energy scarcity have become the most crucial and essential global challenges to human society development. [ 1,2 ] Although 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, only 2.5% of that is fresh water. [ 3 ] Sunlight is the most widespread energy source all over the world with the properties of renewable, wide availability, and inexhaustibility to the mankind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Suo

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Utilization of carbon materials for harvesting solar energy is a green, feasible, sustainable, and promising way to manufacture freshwater from sewage and seawater. However, sunlight absorption efficiency, light to thermal conversion efficiency, and expensive cost are still limitations for large‐scale solar steam generation. Here, a solar steam evaporator which is fabricated by carbonized willow catkins films and activated by different metal chlorides under nitrogen at 800 °C is demonstrated. Under the light irradiation intensity of one sun (1000 W m−2), water evaporation rate of the prepared evaporator is up to ≈2.17 kg m−2 h−1, and the surface temperatures reach up to 50 and 91.7 °C under water‐saturated and dry situations, respectively, indicating good steam generation ability and heat localization performance of the fabricated evaporator. The SEM, BET, DSC, and ICP‐MS results show that such a high water evaporation rate of the prepared carbon materials is due to the typical tubular micro‐structure, which decreases water enthalpy of evaporation and the water evaporation in the form of molecular clusters. This method of carbonized and activated willow catkins films provides a sustainable way for efficiently harvesting solar energy to produce fresh water from seawater and sewage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Suo

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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confidence: 99%

“…[19,20] Normally, after a certain period of evaporation with seawater, the surface of the evaporator would be suffered from salt scaling pollution, which will deteriorate the evaporation efficiency and system functions. In order to address the salt scaling problems, few types of technologies have been proposed, including: [20] 1) using the manual and mechanical methods to remove the surface deposited salts, [21,22] 2) unique structure that only selective water can be transported, [23,24] 3) Janus membranes which upper layer keeps the salt from reaching surface and dissolve the deposited salt back to bulk water through the underneath layer, [25][26][27] 4) hydrophobized surfaces by some polymers to prevent salt clogging, [6] 5) local crystallization by unique geometry designed, [3,28,29] 6) provides a salt return channel by unique structure designed, [30,31] and 7) auto-cleaning or selfcleaning technologies driven by chemical potential. [32] Among them, auto-cleaning strategy is an attractive technology for Salt deposits are a key challenge of solar driven desalination technology due to the fact that the evaporation rate of the system sharply deteriorates when salt accumulates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water‐Light Induced Self‐Blacking System Constituted by Quinoa Cellulose and Graphene Oxide for High Performance of Salt‐Rejecting Solar Desalination

Yang

Suo

Chen

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Recently, considerable interests have been attracted by agriculture and forestry resources for efficient solar steam generation, due to that of inexhaustible nature source with many extremely good performances, such as renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and importantly inherent porous structures. [3,[12][13][14] Many nature plant based materials have been carbonized directly to achieve high efficiency solar steam generation, such as carbonized corncob, [3] carbonized mushrooms, [5] carbonized pollen power activated by CuCl 2 where a piece of basswood used as substrate, [6] carbonized willow catkins with nano tubal surface structure [15] with the evaporation rate of 4.16, 1.47, 1.87, 2.17 kg m −2 h −1 under one sun respectively. Also, cellulose [16] and softwood pulp, [17] which are extracted from plants, are employed to manufactured evaporator with the help of sun light absorber polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, PEDOT:PSS) and carbon black respectively.Many efforts have largely improved the efficiency of solar energy utilization and achieved significantly results in high speeds for evaporation water. [1,3,18] However, the promotion of these photothermal materials is restricted by high-temperature pyrolysis process or their complex polymeric methods, which would need much more extra energy, time and cost. In addition to the water evaporation rate, salt pollution is another challenge for long team, stabilization, sustainability, and low operation and maintenance costs solar steam generation technology. [19,20] Normally, after a certain period of evaporation with seawater, the surface of the evaporator would be suffered from salt scaling pollution, which will deteriorate the evaporation efficiency and system functions. In order to address the salt scaling problems, few types of technologies have been proposed, including: [20] 1) using the manual and mechanical methods to remove the surface deposited salts, [21,22] 2) unique structure that only selective water can be transported, [23,24] 3) Janus membranes which upper layer keeps the salt from reaching surface and dissolve the deposited salt back to bulk water through the underneath layer, [25][26][27] 4) hydrophobized surfaces by some polymers to prevent salt clogging, [6] 5) local crystallization by unique geometry designed, [3,28,29] 6) provides a salt return channel by unique structure designed, [30,31] and 7) auto-cleaning or selfcleaning technologies driven by chemical potential. [32] Among them, auto-cleaning strategy is an attractive technology for Salt deposits are a key challenge of solar driven desalination technology due to the fact that the evaporation rate of the system sharply deteriorates when salt accumulates. In this paper, a self-blacking aerogel (SBA) is first demonstrated with excellent deposited salt self-cleaning performance, and the self-cleaning mechanism is illustrated by the theory of chemical potential. The color of the SBA can be changed from light brown to black under the inducement of water ...

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“…In solar thermal desalination, thermal energy is received by solar absorbing materials for desalination through the steam generation process. [ 40–43 ] However, the working principle and mechanism of the present photoelectrochemical desalination differ significantly from those of solar thermal desalination. In this case, the electrochemical reaction occurs by receiving solar energy to extract salt ions from brackish water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High‐Quality Freshwater from a Self‐Sustainable Integrated Solar Redox‐Flow Desalination Device

Karthick

Wei

Chen

et al. 2021

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As predicted by the International Energy Agency, our planet faces an energy and water crisis in the next 20 years. [1] Human demand for energy and water continues to increase, but the amounts produced are insufficient to meet consumption. [2][3][4][5][6] The ocean is a huge water source, and freshwater can be obtained by salt removal from seawater, which can be performed via two major commercial techniques: thermal distillation and membrane processing. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The thermal-based desalination techniques include multi-stage distillation, multieffect distillation, and vapor compression, all of which consume tremendous amounts of thermal energy. For example, the total energy consumption of a multistage flash evaporation process is in the range of 50-100 kWh m −3 to achieve highquality water production. [8,15] This makes it only suitable for specific areas with abundant thermal energy sources. Membrane-based desalination includes reverse osmosis and electrodialysis processes. [11,[16][17][18] Using these techniques can reduce energy consumption to <10 kWh m −3 with an output water quality with a salt content of <500 ppm. [8,19,20] In this regard, special attention has been paid to energy and water demand by the research community. [21][22][23][24] These issues have led to the development of a new technique in which renewable energy and desalination technologies are externally coupled to minimize energy consumption. [25] In contrast to the above techniques, electrochemical desalination has become a promising and versatile method that offers dual roles of desalination and energy storage simultaneously. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] It removes salt ions through electrode-based reactions either by physical adsorption (capacitive deionization or nonfaradaic processes) or chemical reaction processes (battery desalination or faradaic processes). Meanwhile, the photoelectrochemical process technology becomes a crucial part for the environmental remediation, for instance: the process of water splitting by photoelectrochemical method paves a new way to reduce energy consumption. [35][36][37] Similarly, to achieve a zero-energy consumption process, photoelectrochemical desalination technology has recently been introduced. [38,39] In addition, another concept of solar desalination has been extensively studied: solar thermal desalination. In solar thermal Solar-assisted electrochemical desalination has offered a new energy-water nexus technology for sustainable development in recent studies. However, only a few reports have demonstrated insufficient photocurrent, a low salt removal rate, and poor stability. In this study, a high-quality freshwater level of 5-10 ppm (from an initial feed of 10 000 ppm), an enhanced salt removal rate (217.8 µg cm −2 min −1 of NaCl), and improved cycling and long-term stability are achieved by integrating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and redox-flow desalination (RFD) under light irradiation without additional electrical energy consumption. The DSSC redox electrolyte ...

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Sandwich Photothermal Membrane with Confined Hierarchical Carbon Cells Enabling High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation

Cited by 71 publications

References 42 publications

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Water‐Light Induced Self‐Blacking System Constituted by Quinoa Cellulose and Graphene Oxide for High Performance of Salt‐Rejecting Solar Desalination

Achieving High‐Quality Freshwater from a Self‐Sustainable Integrated Solar Redox‐Flow Desalination Device

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