“…At present, different techniques, such as immunoassays, immunoblotting, immuno-electrophoresis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mass-spectrometry are available to detect and/or quantify (trace amounts of) hazelnut proteins (Kiening et al 2005, Ben Rejeb et al 2003, Arlorio et al 2007, Hird et al 2000, van Hengel 2007, Blais and Phillippe 2001, Yman et al 2006, Scheibe et al 2001, Holzhauser et al 2002. However, the value of the results obtained with these techniques will strongly depend on the quality of the extract used.…”