Sand Reinforced with Shredded Waste Tires

Recycled Tire Chips Mixed with Sand as Lightweight Backfill Material in Retaining Wall Applications: An Experimental Investigation

“…Various researchers have carried out investigations on the usage of scrap tire derived materials in civil engineering applications like recycled tire chips as a fill material in road/ embankment construction [6][7][8], lightweight fill material in retaining wall backfill under static loading conditions [2][3][4][5], and waste tire shreds as a leachate collection layer [9,10]. Several researchers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] have evaluated the engineering properties of the scrap tire chips and sand tire chip mixtures by conducting permeability, compressibility, large direct shear tests, and triaxial tests on the samples. The permeability and shear strength of the sand tire chip mixtures are higher than that of sand alone [18] and the unit weight of the tire chips is less than one third of that of sand [3] making them fit for light weight fill material.…”

Evaluation of shear strength parameters of granulated waste rubber using artificial neural networks and group method of data handling

“…It should be noted that due to the fact that none of the shear stress curves have well-defined peaks, failure criterion is chosen to be at 15 and 12 percent of horizontal strain for GR and RC samples, respectively which were performed using 10 and 30 cm shear boxes, respectively. The same procedure of rubber material testing was reported by other researchers [4,6,20,28]. The shear strength parameters of samples were interpreted using Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion in form of cohesion intercept (c) and internal friction angle (φ).…”

“…Properties of tire wastes such as durability, strength, resiliency, and high frictional resistance are the most significant parameters for consideration in the design of highway embankments [13]. Experimental tests have been performed by many researchers on soil-rubber mixture to find out the most efficient fraction of the blend for which the shear strength parameters have maximum values and ameliorate geotechnical properties of the soil alone [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, rubber shred masses can be used to act like sand and gravel grains in a lightweight and more compressible manner [27].…”

“…However, rubber shred masses can be used to act like sand and gravel grains in a lightweight and more compressible manner [27]. Conducted tests on rubber grains ranging in size from 10 to 1400 mm and reported friction angles varied from 19 to 38 degrees with the cohesion intercept of 0 to 11.5 kPa at normal stresses between 0 and 83 kPa [20,[28][29]. Moreover, large tire derived aggregates ranging in size between 30 and 300 mm were tested using a novel large scale direct shear device [30].…”

Granular Lightweight Fill Composed of Sand and Tire Scrap

“…The scraps are also technically suitable for the uses of absorbing pollutants and preventing soil piping in filter systems (Waritha and Rao 2006). Recently, tire scraps were mixed with soils and pozzolanic materials to make structural geomaterials (Pierce and Blackwell 2003, Tweedie et al 1998, Edil and Bosscher 1994, Foose et al 1996. There are few publicly accessible sources focusing on the nonstructural geomaterials without addition of pozzolanic materials.…”