Sand fly-borne diseases in Europe: epidemiological overview and potential triggers for their emergence and re-emergence

Maia, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.01.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The presence of Leishmania parasites stimulates an immune response, ultimately leading to the clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis. If an infected sandfly feeds on the blood of an already infected vertebrate host, the cycle is initiated anew as it ingests the amastigote-laden macrophages ( Figure 2 ) [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Countries such as Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and South Sudan report alarmingly high rates of visceral leishmaniasis, a severe form of the disease that affects multiple organs, while Algeria experiences a notable percentage of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, which primarily affects the skin [33][34][35]. host, the cycle is initiated anew as it ingests the amastigote-laden macrophages (Figure 2) [27][28][29].…”

Section: Overview Of Leishmaniasis In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Abdoul-Latif,

Oumaskour,

Abdallah

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Leishmaniasis in Africa, which has been designated as a priority neglected tropical disease by various global organizations, exerts its impact on millions of individuals, primarily concentrated within this particular region of the world. As a result of the progressively grave epidemiological data, numerous governmental sectors and civil organizations have concentrated their endeavors on this widespread outbreak with the objective of devising appropriate remedies. This comprehensive examination delves into multiple facets of this parasitic ailment, scrutinizing the associated perils, diagnostic intricacies, and deficiencies within the existing therapeutic protocols. Despite the established efficacy of current treatments, they are not immune to deleterious incidents, particularly concerning toxicity and the emergence of parasitic resistance, thus accentuating the necessity of exploring alternative avenues. Consequently, this research not only encompasses conventional therapeutic approaches, but also extends its scope to encompass complementary and alternative medicinal techniques, thereby striving to identify innovative solutions. A particularly auspicious dimension of this study lies in the exploration of natural substances and by-products derived from some brown algae of the Sargassaceae family. These resources possess the potential to assume a pivotal role in the management of leishmaniasis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Leishmaniasis In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Abdoul-Latif,

Oumaskour,

Abdallah

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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“…The leishmaniases include a diverse group of protozoan vector-borne diseases, with around 30 species of Leishmania infecting animals and humans [ 1 , 2 ]. Among them, Leishmania infantum is an important species of veterinary and medical relevance, widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, western Asia and Brazil [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, autochthonous cases of Leishmania ( Mundinia ) martiniquensis , previously known as ‘ Leishmania siamensis ’, were molecularly detected from skin lesions of horses living in the United States of America [ 20 ], Switzerland and Germany [ 21 ], where CanL by L . infantum is not endemic [ 2 ]. Importantly, this Mundinia species was isolated from human patients in south-east Asia [ 22 , 23 ], being a zoonotic agent of visceral and mucocutaneus leishmaniasis in Thailand [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania spp. in equids and their potential vectors in endemic areas of canine leishmaniasis

Carbonara,

Mendoza-Roldan,

Bezerra-Santos

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Equids may be infected by zoonotic Leishmania spp., including Leishmania infantum, in regions where canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is endemic, and Leishmania martiniquensis, which has been reported in horses from Central Europe. This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of both Leishmania spp. among equids living in CanL endemic areas of Italy, as well as to identify dipteran vectors from the same habitats. From March to October 2023, blood, serum and tissue samples from skin lesions were collected from equids (n = 98; n = 56 donkeys and n = 42 horses) living in Italy, as well as sand flies and biting midges. Blood samples (n = 98) and skin lesions (n = 56) were tested for Leishmania spp. by conventional and real time PCRs and sera were tested by immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT) for both L. infantum and L. martiniquensis. Insects were morphologically identified, and female specimens (n = 268 sand flies, n = 7 biting midges) analyzed for Leishmania DNA, as well as engorged sand flies (n = 16) for blood-meal detection. Two animals with skin lesions (i.e., one donkey and one horse) scored positive for Leishmania spp. DNA, and 19 animals (i.e., 19.4%; n = 13 donkeys and n = 6 horses) were seropositive for L. infantum, with five of them also for L. martiniquensis. Most seropositive animals had no dermatological lesions (i.e., 68.4%) while both animals molecularly positive for Leishmania spp. scored seronegative. Of the 356 sand flies collected, 12 females (i.e., n = 8 Sergentomyia minuta; n = 3 Phlebotomus perniciosus, n = 1 Phlebotomus perfiliewi) were positive for Leishmania spp. DNA, and one out of seven biting midges collected was DNA-positive for L. infantum. Moreover, engorged sand flies scored positive for human and equine DNA. Data suggest that equids living in CanL endemic areas are exposed to Leishmania spp., but their role in the circulation of the parasite needs further investigations.

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“…As with many other vector-borne-pathogens, the transmission is related to a complex episystem involving vector density and competence, the reservoir hosts, environmental conditions, and the pathogen itself. Due to climate change, parasite transmission period becomes broader, covering a period from March to November [ 5 ]. In addition, the environment-parasite relationship drives hybridisation and introgression in Leishmania parasites, resulting in uncommon leishmaniasis clinical forms, like cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani and L. infantum which are classical visceral leishmaniasis agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey of canine leishmaniasis in five departments near an identified human clinical case in Marseille (France)

Laidoudi,

Sevestre,

Bedjaoui

et al. 2024

One Health

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Sand fly-borne diseases in Europe: epidemiological overview and potential triggers for their emergence and re-emergence

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Leishmania spp. in equids and their potential vectors in endemic areas of canine leishmaniasis

Serosurvey of canine leishmaniasis in five departments near an identified human clinical case in Marseille (France)

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