Sand Flies: Medical Importance

Costa, Wagner Alexandre dos Santos; Souza, Nataly A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75544-1_1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that causes significant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, with a psychosocial impact on affected individuals and disability-adjusted life years lost in populations [1]. Leishmania parasites are the causal agents of these NTDs and have evolved to alternate between hosts (i.e., vertebrates) and susceptible vectors of the Phlebotominae subfamily [2]. Thus, the expansion of the geographic distribution and incidence of leishmaniasis in the world depends on both components (i.e., vectors and reservoirs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomological Survey and Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana Prevalence in Sand Fly Species during an Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Quintana Roo State, Mexico

Cañeda-Guzmán,

Oca-Aguilar,

Miranda-Caballero

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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(1) Background: Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected vector-borne disease that has become a serious public health problem in the Yucatan Peninsula. Although more than 60% of cases originate from the state of Quintana Roo, it is one of the least explored areas in terms of incriminating vectors of the Leishmania parasite. Additionally, cases of leishmaniasis have increased substantially in that region in recent years. For this reason, we explored and provided primary evidence of Leishmania DNA in sand fly species from four localities during outbreaks of leishmaniasis in Quintana Roo. We also contributed information on the regional genetic diversity of Leishmania parasites. (2) Methods: Sand flies were collected during several periods from November 2022 to April 2023 using Mosquito Light Circle and Shannon traps, as well as an active entomological search in refuges. For Leishmania detection, we amplified a fragment of 300–350 bp of the internal transcribed spacer subunit 1 (ITS-1). (3) Results: Of the 242 females collected, we detected Leishmania DNA in 25 specimens represented by Bichromomyia olmeca (1), Psathyromyia shannoni (17), Lutzomyia cruciata (4), Psathyromyia undulata (2), and Dampfomyia deleoni (1). The detection of Leishmania in these last two species represents new records for the Yucatan Peninsula and for Mexico. Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana was the only species detected in the Phlebotominae species, with prevalence values that ranked between 7.41% and 33.33% from specimens collected in the sylvatic areas of Cozumel Island and Petcacab. (4) Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence of infection of Da. deleoni and Pa. undulata by L. (L.) Mexicana. In addition, the presence of three dominant haplotypes in all the evaluated localities was evidenced using the analysis of genetic diversity, and the locality of Petcacab was the one with the circulation of two new haplotypes not previously described in Mexico or neighboring countries. These results highlight the importance of intensive epidemiological surveillance due to the dynamics of transmission of Leishmania between different species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomological Survey and Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana Prevalence in Sand Fly Species during an Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Quintana Roo State, Mexico

Cañeda-Guzmán,

Oca-Aguilar,

Miranda-Caballero

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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“…Phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) insects, also known as sand flies, are natural hosts of various microorganisms, including etiological agents of diseases of medical and veterinary importance such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa (Costa & Souza, 2018). Female sand flies are blood feeders and, in general, tend to bite at night or in twilight, but also can sting during the day in forested areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Phlebotominae subfamily records in Bahia, Brazil

Cova

Santos²,

Dias-Lima

et al. 2021

Medical Vet Entomology

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Brazil is one of the countries that concentrates 90% of all tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases cases and Bahia is one of the highly affected states. In the present report, we consolidated secondary data from several complementary databases that allowed us to record the sand fly species identified including areas of Leishmania spp. transmission in the state of Bahia. We then overlayed the geographical distribution data onto maps of vegetational aspects found across the state. Overall, 21 602 records of phlebotomine sand flies occurrence between 1949 and 2016 were analysed, encompassing 85% of Bahia's municipalities. Seventy‐six sand fly species under 17 genera were enlisted. Among described species, 27 were proven or putative Leishmania spp. vectors and three were considered exclusively endemic in the state. Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia whitmani were found in 74, 29 and 27% of municipalities, respectively. Salvador, the state capital and major city presented records for 21 different sand fly species, including known vectors for leishmaniasis. In particular, a wide distribution of Evandromyia sallesi was detected for this city. This consolidated account on phebotomine fauna and distribution may be explored for improving the planning and deployment of vector‐focused leishmaniasis control measures in affected areas of Bahia.

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