Sand boils without earthquakes

Holzer, Thomas L.; Clark, Malcolm M.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0873:sbwe>2.3.co;2

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, this process induces well recognizable soft-sediment deformation structures (sand boils and vertical dykes, see Holzer and Clark, 1993) that are completely absent in the analysed bed of the Agua de la Caldera Formation.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Trigger Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liquefaction features interpreted as seismites in the Pleistocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Neuquén Basin (Northern Patagonia)

Moretti¹,

Ronchi

2011

Sedimentary Geology

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Section: Interpretation Of Trigger Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liquefaction features interpreted as seismites in the Pleistocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Neuquén Basin (Northern Patagonia)

Moretti¹,

Ronchi

2011

Sedimentary Geology

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“…Wrinkle marks, for example, are found in a range of aseismic settings and their formation may be initiated by pore water seepage associated with tidal fluctuations (Allen 1985). Other potential triggers include the dynamic or cyclic effects of waves (Dalrymple 1979;Molina et al 1998), trapped gas (Stewart 1956;Grozic et al 2000;Pralle et al 2003), or pore pressure changes generated by the thawing of frozen ground, the release of overpressured sediment, or artesian movements (Holzer & Clark 1993;Li et al 1996;Harris et al 2000). Preliminary attempts have been made to identify criteria that allow the identification of triggering agents from the characteristics and context of preserved structures, although more work is needed to establish reliable criteria (Sims 1975;Seilacher 1984;Alfaro et al 1997;Molina et al, 1998;Rossetti 1999;Jones & Omoto 2000).…”

Section: Triggers For Load Structure Formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Load structures: gravity-driven sediment mobilization in the shallow subsurface

Owen

2003

144

143

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Load structures are a type of soft-sediment deformation structure comprising synforms (load casts and pseudonodules) and antiforms (flame structures and diapirs) at an interface. They form in response to unstable density contrasts (density loading) or lateral variations in load (uneven loading) when sediment becomes liquidized or otherwise loses strength. They are here classified into five varieties: simple and pendulous load casts, in which the upper (denser) layer is laterally continuous; and attached pseudonodules, detached pseudonodules and ball-and-pillow structure, in which discrete masses of the upper layer are separated by matrix. Conceptual models demonstrate that there are several possible modes of formation for each type of load structure. One interpretation of the variation of load structure morphology is as a deformation series representing varying degrees of deformation, controlled by the magnitude of the driving force and/or the duration of its effective action.

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“…They can be easily discarded for the study site since: (i) the lacustrine/palustrine Concud-Teruel Residual Basin was very small and the lake very shallow, so that the available fetch was not able to produce important storm waves; (ii) no hummocky cross-stratification, gutter structure, or another evidence of wave action has been detected. Liquefaction and/or fluidization effects are common in continental environments as a result of sudden changes in water-table level, related for example to high precipitation or ice melting periods, but they are effective only in the fluvial environments (Holzer and Clark, 1993) and aeolian dunes settings (Loope et al, 2004).…”

Section: Endogenic Triggersmentioning

confidence: 99%