Sand and Sandstone

Pettijohn, F. J.; Potter, Paul Edwin; Siever, Raymond

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9974-6

Cited by 582 publications

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“…Wood and Petraitis (1984) proposed that the development of secondary porosity observed in the vadose zone above the Ogallala aquifer in southern Texas was due to such C0 2 -driven calcite dissolution. In the predominantly quartzite sands of the aquifer at our site, this calcite (and dolomite) dissolution amounts to decementation of the sandy soil (Pettijohn et al, 1987). As a result, infiltrating waters may carry newly mobilized colloidal silicates (with residual carbonate cement as indicated by the SEM-EDAX) to the water table where they are free to move with the flowing groundwater.…”

Section: Hypothesized Scenario Explaining Colloids In Groundwater Neamentioning

confidence: 92%

Mobilization of colloids in groundwater due to infiltration of water at a coal ash disposal site

Gschwend

Backhus

MacFarlane

et al. 1990

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Gschwend, P.M., Backhus, D.A., MacFarlane, J.K. and Page, A.L., 1990. Mobilization of colloids in groundwater due to infiltration of water at a coal ash disposal site. J. Contam. Hydrol., 6: 307-320.We investigated groundwaters in the vicinity of a coal ash site near an electric generating station in the western U.S.A. The purpose of the study was to ascertain why fine particles or colloids appear in some subsurface water samples there. If such fine particles are merely introduced during bailing or pumping operations which suspend otherwise immobile soil colloids, we should exclude these particulate materials from the water samples before analysis intended to quantify what is moving through the aquifer. However, if the colloids were truly suspended and moving with the groundwater flow in situ, then we should include their contribution to our assessment of the mobile loads.Application of very careful sampling techniques (slow pumping rates, no atmospheric exposure) did not cause the large quantities of colloids observed previously to disappear from well water in which they occurred. Additionally, the same sampling procedures did not cause similar abundances of colloids to appear in waters collected from neighboring wells installed and developed in the same manner and in the same geologic strata. Thus we believe sampling artifacts do not explain the colloids' presence in the groundwater samples.On the other hand, the groundwater chemistry and the nature of the suspended colloids (size, composition) strongly suggest these fine particles were suspended and therefore moving with the groundwater flow. At wells exhibiting large amounts of suspended colloids (~ 10-100mg L-), the water was enriched in CO, 2 and depleted in 02, relative to nearby locations. The colloids were typically between 0.1 and 2 lm in size and were primarily silicates. These results suggest to us that, where infiltrating water is percolating through a site that has been mixed with coal ash, the secondary carbonate minerals in the soils are being dissolved; removal of this cementing carbonate phase may consequently release soil silicate colloids to be carried in the flowing water.Such processes may enhance contaminant transport in groundwater by augmenting the pollutant load moving in the groundwater, and increasing the permeability of the porous medium to pollutant infiltration with waste water and/or rainwater. . r L

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Section: Hypothesized Scenario Explaining Colloids In Groundwater Neamentioning

confidence: 92%

Mobilization of colloids in groundwater due to infiltration of water at a coal ash disposal site

Gschwend

Backhus

MacFarlane

et al. 1990

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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“…Mineralogical maturity, as the term is used in this paper, can be defined as a compositional state of a clastic sedimentary body wherein there is a dominance of quartz and an absence or minority of lessresistant particles such as feldspars, detrital carbonates or lithic fragments (Blatt et al, 1972;Pettijohn et al, 1972). Sandstones that meet this definition are classified as quartz arenites or orthoquartzites if they are at least 95% quartz (Pettijohn et al, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical maturity in dunefields of North America, Africa and Australia

2004

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Studies of dunefields in central and western North America show that mineralogical maturity can provide new insights into the origin and evolution of aeolian sand bodies. Many of the world's great sand seas in Africa, Asia and Australia are quartzdominated and thus can be considered to be mineralogically mature. The Algodones (California) and Parker (Arizona) dunes in the southwestern United States are also mature, but have inherited a high degree of mineralogical maturity from quartz-rich sedimentary rocks drained by the Colorado River. In Libya, sediments of the Zallaf sand sea, which are almost pure quartz, may have originated in a similar fashion. The Fort Morgan (Colorado) and Casper (Wyoming) dunefields in the central Great Plains of North America, and the Namib sand sea of southern Africa have an intermediate degree of mineralogical maturity because their sources are large rivers that drained both unweathered plutonic and metamorphic rocks and mature sedimentary rocks. Mojave Desert dunefields in the southwestern United States are quite immature because they are in basins adjacent to plutonic rocks that were their sources. Other dunefields in the Great Plains of North America (those in Nebraska and Texas) are more mature than any possible source sediments and therefore reflect mineralogical evolution over time. Such changes in composition can occur because of either of two opposing long-term states of the dunefield. In one state, dunes are stable for long periods of time and chemical weathering depletes feldspars and other weatherable minerals in the sediment body. In the other state, which is most likely for the Great Plains, abrasion and ballistic impacts deplete the carbonate minerals and feldspars because the dunes are active for longer periods than they are stable. D

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“…The pore per cent age in sand stones was cal cu lated. Sandstone microlithofacies were dis tin guished us ing the Pettijohn et al (1972) clas si fi ca tion (a ver sion of the Dott clas si fi ca tion, mod i fied). Thin sec tions were stained by Evamy so lu tion in order to iden tify the car bon ates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of diagenesis, isotopic relations and reservoir properties of the Middle Miocene sandstones in the Carpathian Foredeep (Poland and Ukraine)

Jarmołowicz-Szulc

Kozłowska

Kuberska

2015

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1 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute -Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land Jarmo³owicz-Szulc, K., Koz³owska, A., Kuberska, M., 2015. Char ac ter is tics of diagenesis, iso to pic re la tions and res er voir prop er ties of the Mid dle Mio cene sand stones in the Carpathian Foredeep (Po land and Ukraine). Geo log i cal Quar terly, 59 (4): 750-761, doi: 10.7306/gq.1261The Up per Badenian and Sarmatian sand stones rec og nized from bore holes in south east ern Po land and west ern Ukraine are very fine to me dium-grained subarkosic and sublithic arenites and wackes. The de pos its un der went diagenesis well below 100°C, and their evo lu tion ary path ways of diagenetic and re lated res er voir prop er ties rep re sent eo-and mesodiagenesis. Eodiagenesis here com prised me chan i cal com pac tion, de vel op ment of chlorite, microcrystalline cal cite, py rite, sid er ite, kaolinite and quartz, and dis so lu tion of feld spar and mica grains. Mesodiagenesis in cluded quartz and K-feldspar overgrowths, albitisation, crystallisation of do lo mite and an ker ite and coarsely crys tal line cal cite, dis so lu tion of feld spar grains and car bon ate ce ment, and illite growth. The iso to pic data of d 18 O VPDB of car bon ate ce ments sug gest their crys tal li sation from porewater which is a mix ture of ma rine and me te oric wa ters. The d 13 C VPDB val ues sug gest der i va tion of car bon from mi cro bial methanogenesis of or ganic mat ter. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr val ues in coarsely crys tal line cal cite are higher than those of Badenian sea wa ter. The ra dio genic stron tium may have been sup plied dur ing diagenesis by me te oric wa ters drain ing the con ti nen tal area. The Mid dle Mio cene sand stones show better fil tra tion abil i ties (good and very good) in the west ern part of the study area (Po land) than in the east. Pri mary inter gra nu lar po ros ity is more fre quent than sec ond ary intragranular and intercrystalline po ros i ties.The pri mary po ros ity was di min ished due to com pac tion and ce men ta tion from west to east. Some in crease in po ros ity was caused by dis so lu tion of de tri tal grains and by de cay of soft parts of or gan isms.

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Sand and Sandstone

Cited by 582 publications

References 0 publications

Mobilization of colloids in groundwater due to infiltration of water at a coal ash disposal site

Mobilization of colloids in groundwater due to infiltration of water at a coal ash disposal site

Mineralogical maturity in dunefields of North America, Africa and Australia

Characteristics of diagenesis, isotopic relations and reservoir properties of the Middle Miocene sandstones in the Carpathian Foredeep (Poland and Ukraine)

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