Sand and dust storm trajectories from Iraq Mesopotamian flood plain to Kuwait

Al-Hemoud, Ali; Al-Dousari, Ali; Al‐Dashti, Hassan; Petrov, P.; Alsaleh, Abeer; Al-Khafaji, Sarhan; Behbehani, Weam; Li, Jing; Koutrakis, Petros

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136291

Cited by 57 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The mixed-effects model showed that high temperature and high wind speed were the main drivers for blowing dust (BLDS), and as a result, aerosols can be suspended as dust haze (DUHZ) for most of the days. High wind speed can lift large quantities of particles into the air (BLDS), where they can be transported from their source and become suspended for days (DUHZ) [56] . DUHZ was associated with the highest increase in PM 2.5 and PM 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 and PM10 during COVID-19 lockdown in Kuwait: Mixed effect of dust and meteorological covariates

Al-Hemoud

Al-Khayat

Al‐Dashti³

et al. 2021

Environmental Challenges

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This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on particulate matter concentrations, specifically PM 2.5 and PM 10 , in Kuwait. We studied the variations in PM 2.5 and PM 10 between the lockdown in 2020 with the corresponding periods of the years 2017–2019, and also investigated the differences in PM variations between the ‘curfew’ and ‘non curfew’ hours. We applied mixed-effect regression to investigate the factors that dictate PM variability (i.e., dust and meteorological covariates), and also processed satellite-based aerosol optical depths (AOD) to determine the spatial variability in aerosol loads. The results showed low PM 2.5 concentration during the lockdown (33 μg/m 3 ) compared to the corresponding previous three years (2017–2019); however, the PM 10 concentration (122.5 μg/m 3 ) increased relative to 2017 (116.6 μg/m 3 ), and 2019 (92.8 μg/m 3 ). After removing the ‘dust effects’, both PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels dropped by 18% and 31%, respectively. The mixed-effect regression model showed that high temperature and high wind speed were the main contributors to high PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively, in addition to the dust haze and blowing dust. This study highlights that the reductions of anthropogenic source emissions are overwhelmed by dust events and adverse meteorology in arid regions, and that the lockdown did not reduce the high concentrations of PM in Kuwait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 and PM10 during COVID-19 lockdown in Kuwait: Mixed effect of dust and meteorological covariates

Al-Hemoud

Al-Khayat

Al‐Dashti³

et al. 2021

Environmental Challenges

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“…In the Middle East, and especially in the Arabian Peninsula, a pronounced variability in dust activity was reported with an abrupt regime shift from an inactive dust period (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) to an active dust period (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) (Aba et al, 2018), which was linked to climate change and global warming impacts in the 2000s (Notaro et al, 2015;Doronzo et al, 2016 and. The increased dust episodes and atmospheric dust concentrations on top of the atmosphere have a significant impact on the albedo and short-wave radiation over the African and Arabian regions leading to higher surface reflection (Satheesh et al, 2006), especially in Palestine (Singer et al 2003), Iraq (Al-Hemoud et al 2020), Kuwait (Al-Dousari 2009. This also has a socioeconomic impact on oil sector ( Besides climate change impacts, anthropogenic aerosols have had an increasing trend during the previous decades in the Middle East (Givati and Rosenfeld 2007).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Concentrations in a Middle Eastern City – An Insight to Sand and Dust Storm Episodes

Hussein

Al-Dulaimi

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, the particulate matter mass (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations we measured during May 2018-March 2019 in an urban atmosphere of Amman, Jordan. The results showed that the annual mean PM10 concentration was 64±39 µgm-3 and the PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.8±0.2. According to the Jordanian Air Quality standards (JS-1140/2006), the observed PM10 annual mean value was below the limit value but that of the PM2.5 was three times higher than the corresponding limit value. However, both exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values. In a larger perspective, the annual mean PM10 concentrations in Jordan were lower than what was reported in other cities in the Middle East but were higher when compared to other Mediterranean cities. During the measurement period, Jordan was affected by Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) episodes on 14 days. The source origins of these dust outbreaks were traced back to North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Levant. The 24-hour PM10 concentrations during these SDS episodes ranged between 108 and 188 µgm-3 , which was about 3-6 times higher than the mean values during clean conditions (~33 µgm-3).

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“…It is noted that the sand content is high throughout the study area compared to the content of clay and silt, and the sand content ranged between 336-776 g.kg-1, while the clay content ranged between 260-152 g. kg-1, and the silt content between 64-424 g.kg-1. The reason for the high content of sand compared to the content of clay and silt is due to the nature of sedimentation taking place in the desert study area, where these soils are desert that originally originated from ancient marine sediments from the bottoms of the ancient sea of Tethys, which covered most of the study area, as well as the wind sediments that are common in which rough separation [10][11][12]. Figure (3) Shows the Spatial variation in the content of sand, silt and clay in the study area.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Soil Quality and Health Indices in Relation to Soil Physical Properties of Fedak Farm in Holly Najaf Province

AlWazzan

Atti

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Fadak farm project was selected to conduct this study in and to evaluate the state of quality and health indices in term of soil physical properties, where this farm is located in Holly Najaf Governorate. Some physical properties (soil texture, mean weight diameter, bulk density, porosity, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water) were selected to assess the quality then health indices, Results showed that classes of moderate and poor soil health were dominated in lands of this farm for physical properties It was noted that the class good of soil health wasnot collaterally appeared in areas for the physical characteristics.

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Sand and dust storm trajectories from Iraq Mesopotamian flood plain to Kuwait

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

PM2.5 and PM10 during COVID-19 lockdown in Kuwait: Mixed effect of dust and meteorological covariates

PM2.5 and PM10 during COVID-19 lockdown in Kuwait: Mixed effect of dust and meteorological covariates

Particulate Matter Concentrations in a Middle Eastern City – An Insight to Sand and Dust Storm Episodes

Evaluation of Soil Quality and Health Indices in Relation to Soil Physical Properties of Fedak Farm in Holly Najaf Province

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