Sampling the Larval Population

Service, M. W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_2

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Our study suffered from the usual limitations associated with larval sampling as described by Service (1993). It is well established that there is unequal dispersion of larvae and clustering occurs within habitats but, for practical reasons, we assumed homogenous distribution of larvae within habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of South Punjab, Pakistan

Herrel¹,

Amerasinghe

Ensink³

et al. 2001

Medical Vet Entomology

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As part of investigations on potential linkages between irrigation and malaria transmission, all surface water bodies in and around three villages along an irrigation distributary in South Punjab, Pakistan, were surveyed for anopheline mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) from April 1999 to March 2000. Samples were characterized according to exposure to sunlight, substratum, presence of vegetation, fauna, inorganic matter and physical water condition (clear/turbid/foul). Also water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electroconductivity (EC) and pH of sites were recorded. A total of 37982 Anopheles larvae of six morphological types were collected from 2992 samples taken from irrigation/agricultural and village/domestic aquatic habitats. Anopheles subpictus Grassi sensu lato was by far the most abundant (74.3%), followed by An. culicifacies Giles s.l. (4.1%), An. stephensi Liston s.l. (2.6%), An. pulcherrimus Theobald (1.8%), An. peditaeniatus Leicester (0.3%) and An. nigerrimus Giles (0.1%). The four most abundant species were significantly associated with waterlogged fields and communal village drinking-water tanks. Habitat characteristics most correlated with occurrence of anophelines were the physical water condition and the absence/presence of fauna, particularly predators. Occurrence and abundance of Anopheles immatures were not significantly correlated with water temperature, DO, EC or pH. Malaria vectors of the Anopheles culicifacies complex occurred at relatively low densities, mainly in irrigated and waterlogged fields. In South Punjab, where rainfall is very low, it should be possible to reduce anopheline breeding through water management, as larvae develop mainly in water bodies that are directly or indirectly related to the extensive canal-irrigation system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of South Punjab, Pakistan

Herrel¹,

Amerasinghe

Ensink³

et al. 2001

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…In each study area, all water collections were numbered and prospected for the presence of anophelines larvae. A productivity index was assigned to each breeding site according to the presence or absence of anopheline larvae using the classical deeping technique [ 7 ]. As the objective was not to count the total number of anopheline larva per breeding site, we just sampled some from each positive breeding site and stored into 1.5 ml tube containing alcohol 70° dedicated to PCR analysis for species identification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in anopheline larval habitats and adult composition during the dry and wet seasons in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Fournet

Cussac

Ouari

et al. 2010

Malar J

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BackgroundSeveral cases of malaria are frequently recorded during the dry period in Ouagadougou town (Burkina Faso). This has led to the design of a series of studies focusing on both parasitological and entomological investigations intended to provide relevant health data on the risk of local malaria transmission according to the way of urbanisation.MethodsA cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out in various districts of Ouagadougou in April and October 2006. Adult malaria vectors were collected using CDC traps and indoor insecticide spraying performed in four houses during four consecutive days/nights. Intensive larval sampling was also done in available water ponds throughout the study sites.ResultsIn April, the anopheline breeding sites consisted only of semi-permanent or permanent swamps located mainly in the two peripheral districts. Despite the presence of anopheline larvae in these breeding sites, less than five Anopheles gambiae s.l. adults were caught by CDC traps and indoor insecticide spraying. In October, additionally to the permanent breeding sites reported in April, some rainfall swamps were also found positive to anophelines. The number of adults' mosquitoes was higher than that collected in April (2 vs 159 in October). Out of 115 larvae of An. gambiae s.l. analysed by PCR in April, 59.1% (68/115) were identified as Anopheles arabiensis, 39.1% (45/115) as An. gambiae M while the S form represented less than 2%. Overall 120 larvae and 86 females were identified by PCR in October as An. gambiae M form (51%) and An. arabiensis (42.2%). The S form represented only 6.8%. The global sporozoite rate recorded was high (6.8%) and did not differ between the districts except in the central district where no positive mosquito was detected.ConclusionAlthough only few adults' mosquitoes were actively caught during the driest month, malaria vectors persisted all year long that increases the risk of urban malaria transmission. The distribution of breeding sites and especially the occurrence of malaria vectors were more abundant in the periphery, which is more like that of a rural settlement. The evolution of malaria prevalence and the factors sustaining the risk of transmission in Ouagadougou as well in many African cities during the dry season are discussed.

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“…Observation of mosquitoes' molecular properties in this study revealed that Aedes comprises more than 90% of the total samples. A different species of mosquitoes requires distinct reproduction area (Laird 1988), however, several species able to permit their breeding ground selection (Service 1993). In this case, some mosquitoes (for e.g.…”

Section: Molecular Identification Of Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species identification and genetic diversity of Aedes in Penang (Malaysia) based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I

et al. 2019

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Kamal MZM, Dangnga MS, Irmayani, Md. Naim D. 2020. Species identification and genetic diversity of Aedes in Penang (Malaysia) based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 6-12. Cases of dengue fever are expanding globally and recently it was identified as being notable in remote/rural regions in South-East Asia in spite of the previous belief that it is outbreak to urban areas, especially in Malaysia. In an effort to constraint, the extent of the virus, the most important thing is to know the distribution of the vector that causes the disease. This research aims to recognize all species of mosquitoes distributed in Penang utilizing DNA barcode method in which the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) as a gene marker. Approximately 497 larvae of mosquitoes were obtained from four regions in Penang, Malaysia namely Central Seberang Perai, North Seberang Perai, North East, and South West of Penang. All samples were extracted and PCR amplified. Sequences were employed in BLAST of GenBank and aligned with MUSCLE. The ABGD analysis was performed to partition all the samples and substitution saturation analysis was employed in DAMBE. Phylogenetic relationships among nucleotides were reconstructed utilizing Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) calculated following Kimura 2-parameter. Intra and interspecific genetic variation among population were also conducted based on Tamura-Nei parameter and all analyses were employed in MEGA version 6.0. As a result, COI gene has successfully recognized all larvae obtained in this study. We found a total of six species (including outgroup sequence) as revealed by BLASTn, ABGD and phylogenetic analysis. Genetic distance test has further supported the results. This study revealed that there is no visible population structure and all species have a uniform distribution throughout all sampling locations in Penang. We also found that Ae. albopictus has occupied most areas in Penang, and this includes urban locations, hence, suggest that Ae. albopictus probably succeed Ae. aegypti as the main vector for dengue virus in Penang.

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Sampling the Larval Population

Cited by 20 publications

References 187 publications

Breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of South Punjab, Pakistan

Breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of South Punjab, Pakistan

Diversity in anopheline larval habitats and adult composition during the dry and wet seasons in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Species identification and genetic diversity of Aedes in Penang (Malaysia) based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I

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