Sampling Techniques for Pesticide Analysis

Kratochvil, Byron; Peak, John D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-784317-9.50004-6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…1. The sampling strategy was based on the international standard ISO 5667-4:2016 using three parallel transects crossing the basins from inlet to outlet designed for long-term multifunctional monitoring on the chosen shallow lake as it was suggested [3]. At the time of the sampling, following the summer operating practices, effluent water from the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System was highly retained, hence, the water inflow to the lake was only 2.2 m 3 /s.…”

Section: Sampling Methods and Measurement Of Field Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic and Benthic Bacterial Communities of the Largest Central European Shallow Lake, Lake Balaton and Its Main Inflow Zala River

et al. 2020

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Lake Balaton is the largest European shallow lake, which underwent cultural eutrophication in the ‘70–80s. Therefore, strict pollution control measures were introduced and the water quality has become meso-eutrophic since the millennium. Due to the touristic significance and change in trophic levels of the lake, numerous ecological studies were carried out, but none of them was focused on both benthic and planktonic microbial communities at the same time. In our study, an attempt was made to reveal the spatial bacterial heterogeneity of the Lake Balaton and Zala River by 16S rDNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting and Illumina amplicon sequencing methods in the summer of 2017. According to the molecular biology results, mostly well-known freshwater microorganisms, adapted to nutrient-poor conditions were found in the pelagic water column. The LD12 subclade member Fonsibacter ubiquis, the cyanobacterial Synechococcus sp. and unknown Verrucomicrobia species were abundant in the less nutrient-dense basins, while the hgcI clade members showed various distribution. In the estuary and in the nutrient-dense western part of the lake, some eutrophic conditions preferring cyanobacteria (filamentous Anabaena and Aphanizomenon species) were also detectable. The benthic microbial community showed higher diversity, according to the observed appearance of microorganisms adapted to the deeper, less aerated layers (e.g. members of Desulfobacteraceae, Nitrosomonadaceae).

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Section: Sampling Methods and Measurement Of Field Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic and Benthic Bacterial Communities of the Largest Central European Shallow Lake, Lake Balaton and Its Main Inflow Zala River

et al. 2020

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“…Our sampling strategy mainly focused on the watercourses that flow directly into and out of Lake Balaton, that are in direct association with agricultural areas and/or fishponds, and have high water yields. The distribution of sampling points in Lake Balaton was based on the international standard ISO 5667-4:2016 using three parallel transects crossing the basins from inlet to outlet designed for long-term multifunctional monitoring on the chosen shallow lake [30]. Thirty-three sampling points (Fig.…”

Section: Sampling Points and Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal analysis of multi-pesticide residues in the largest Central European shallow lake, Lake Balaton, and its sub-catchment area

et al. 2022

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Background The present study aimed to gain a comprehensive knowledge of the presence and environmental risks of pesticide and repellent residues in Lake Balaton and its sub-catchment area (Hungary). A unique analysis of 439 active substances and 17 metabolites was carried out on surface waters and one effluent wastewater as the only direct discharge into Lake Balaton from June 2017 until August 2020. Altogether 203 water- and 85 sediment samples were collected and analysed during the 3-year monitoring period. To determine the environmental risks of the detected pesticides to aquatic ecosystems, environmental risk assessment (ERA) was carried out using two approaches (worst- and general-case scenarios). Results Fifty-two pesticides and one insect repellent were detected, of which 26 belonged to herbicides (24 active substances and two metabolites), 15 to fungicides (15 active substances), and 11 to insecticides (eight active substances and three metabolites), of which only nine of the total analysed compounds are listed to be monitored in surface waters with threshold limit values (TLVs). The most frequently detected compounds were terbuthylazine, diethyltoluamide (DEET), desethyl-atrazine, and metolachlor. Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and DEET were found with the highest concentrations of 3.0, 2.0, and 1.57 µg/L, respectively. The pesticide exposures were higher during the summer periods indicating a stable seasonal pattern. According to the performed ERA, the calculated Risk Quotients (RQs) indicated 18 compounds with a high level of risk including nine that had been banned for at least a decade. Discussion This study expands knowledge on the spatiotemporal occurrence of pesticides in inland surface waters and highlights the need to consider widening the number of analysed pesticides beyond the European Water Framework Directive (EWFD). According to our results, additional authority and legislation procedures should come into force for pesticides not indexed in the priority European Union Watch List.

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“…Το μέγεθος του κάθε πειραματικού τεμαχίου πρέπει να είναι τέτοιο ώστε να επιτρέπει την άνετη εφαρμογή του γεωργικού φάρμακου αλλά και τη λήψη αντιπροσωπευτικού δείγματος (ΕΕ, 1997;ΕΕ;FAO, 1986) (Kratochvil and Peak, 1989).…”

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Μελέτη Της Αποδόμησης Υπολειμμάτων Γεωργικών Φαρμάκων Σε Φρούτα Και Λαχανικά Κατά Την Συντήρηση Σε Διαφορετικές Συνθήκες

Pappas¹,

Παππάς²

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Στόχος της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της αποδόμησης σημαντικών για την Γεωργία φυτοφαρμάκων σε φρούτα και λαχανικά σε μη μελετημένες μέχρισήμερα συνθήκες συντήρησης. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μελέτες με τα φυροφάρμακα: parathion, dimethoate, azinphos methyl, parathion methyl, και chlorpyrifow methyl σε μήλα (Golden, Granny Smith, Starking), σε λεμόνια (Μαγλήνο), σε μανταρίνια (Avana), σε τομάτες, σε χυμό φρούτων (λεμονιού και μήλων), χυμό τομάτας και σε τομάτα τουρσί. Μελετήθηκε η αποδόμηση των υπολλειμάτων των προαναφερθέντων φυτοφαρμάκων στις παραπάνω καλλιέργειες (επί των δένδρων και των φυτών) όπως επι΄σης και κατά την συντήρηση των καρπών σε διαφορετικές συνθήκες (κοινά ψυγεία, ψυγεία με ελεγχόμενες ατμόσφαιρες και συντήρηση σε θερμοκρασία περιβάλλοντος). Επίσης μελετήθηκε η αποδόμηση των φυτοφαρμάκων μετά από μεταποίηση των φρούτων, όπως χυμοποίηση και παρασκευή τουρσιού και στη συνέχεια συντήρηση των προϊόντων σε ψυγείο (χυμός τομάτας) και σε συνθήκες περιβάλλοντος (τουρσί τομάτας). Οι αναλύσεις των δειγμάτων πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετά από μελέτες και τροποποιήσεις σε γνωστές μεθόδους αέριας χρωματογραφίας. Από τις εργασίες που έγιναν διατυπώθηκαν για πρώτη φορά οι εξισώσεις και οι ρυθμοί αποδόμησης των μελετηθέντων φυτοφαρμάκων σε διάφορες μη μελετημένες μέχρι τώρα συνθήκες πειραματισμού όπως στα δένδρα, σε ψυγεία κοινά και με ελεγχόμενες ατμόσφαιρες και στο περιβάλλον.

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Sampling Techniques for Pesticide Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Planktonic and Benthic Bacterial Communities of the Largest Central European Shallow Lake, Lake Balaton and Its Main Inflow Zala River

Planktonic and Benthic Bacterial Communities of the Largest Central European Shallow Lake, Lake Balaton and Its Main Inflow Zala River

Spatiotemporal analysis of multi-pesticide residues in the largest Central European shallow lake, Lake Balaton, and its sub-catchment area

Μελέτη Της Αποδόμησης Υπολειμμάτων Γεωργικών Φαρμάκων Σε Φρούτα Και Λαχανικά Κατά Την Συντήρηση Σε Διαφορετικές Συνθήκες

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