Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel-and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring

Bunte, Kristin; Abt, Steven R.

doi:10.2737/rmrs-gtr-74

Cited by 521 publications

(593 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The mean error of À1.4% obtained during validation can be interpreted as a bias, and the standard deviation of 15.4% can be interpreted as a precision of ±15.4% for the method. This error is high compared to field methods which can have precisions below ±10% [Bunte and Abt, 2001]. However, the automation of the process and the surfaces that can be covered make this error acceptable.…”

Section: Grain Size Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, grain size has also been demonstrated to be an important variable for the habitat preferences of salmonids [e.g., Rimmer et al, 1983;Cunjak, 1988;Heggenes, 1996]. Methods for the field measurements of the grain size distributions of fluvial sediment are well established and are the subject of many studies [Wolman, 1954;Hey and Thorne, 1983;Church et al, 1987;Rice and Church, 1996;Bunte and Abt, 2001]. Generally, these methods are labor intensive and require a significant amount of fieldwork to implement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, images of the riverbed are collected from standing position with some form of scale information in each image. This yields images that cover up to $1 m 2 (e.g., 0.4 m 2 [Bunte and Abt, 2001]). These images are then analyzed either using manual measurements [e.g., Adams, 1979] or using automated image segmentation and measurement [Butler et al, 2001a].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Catchment‐scale mapping of surface grain size in gravel bed rivers using airborne digital imagery

Carbonneau

Lane

Bergeron

2004

Water Resources Research

180

255

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[1] This study develops and assesses two methods for estimating median surface grain sizes using digital image processing from centimeter-resolution airborne imagery. Digital images with ground resolutions of 3 cm and 10 cm were combined with field calibration measurements to establish predictive relationships for grain size as a function of both local image texture and local image semivariance. Independently acquired grain size data were then used to assess the algorithm performance. Results showed that for the 3 cm imagery both local image semivariance and texture are highly sensitive to median grain size, with semivariance being a better predictor than image texture. However, in the case of 10 cm imagery, sensitivity of image semivariance and texture to grain size was poor, and this scale of imagery was found to be unsuitable for grain size estimation. This study therefore demonstrates that local image properties in very high resolution digital imagery allow for automated grain size measurement using image processing and remote sensing methods.

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Section: Grain Size Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catchment‐scale mapping of surface grain size in gravel bed rivers using airborne digital imagery

Carbonneau

Lane

Bergeron

2004

Water Resources Research

180

255

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“…Bed substrate here consisted mainly of gravels and pebbles, with occasional cobbles. Fine sediment was considered as particles with a diameter < 2 mm, including sands (200-63 μm), silts (63-3.9 μm) and clays (3.9-1.2 μm) (Wenworth Scale, as per Bunte and Abt 2001). Note that the minimum range of the clay corresponds to the pore size of the filters used for laboratory processing.…”

Section: In-channel Fine Sediment Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Asynchronicity of fine sediment supply and its effects on transport and storage in a regulated river

et al. 2018

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Purpose A disconnected ephemeral tributary was reconnected to the regulated River Ehen (NW England) as part of a river restoration initiative, providing a renewed delivery of sediment to a highly stable and armoured channel. This paper (1) assesses spatial and temporal dynamics of suspended and stored sediments in the Ehen, (2) characterises the composition of stored sediment, (3) develops fine sediment budgets for downstream river reaches, and (4) assesses the controls on the storage of fine sediment in the riverbed. Materials and methods A 3-km study section in the upper part of the River Ehen was divided into two reaches. Suspended sediments were monitored at the downstream limits of each reach over a 2-year period. In-channel storage was measured in three morphological units within the upper reach, on 13 occasions over the same period. Samples were used to assess changes in volumes of stored fine sediment, as well as the grain sizes and organic content of the material. A time-lapse camera facing the confluence of the tributary was used to conceptualise different flow scenarios. These scenarios reflect the degree of synchronicity between flows in the main-stem and those in the tributary. Fine sediment budgets were developed for each reach to assess the relative contribution of different sources of sediment. Results and discussion The reconnection significantly affected suspended sediment loads in the Ehen. Bed storage increased twofold, with changes most evident in the slow-flowing morphological unit. Changes in the composition of stored sediment were less marked than changes in the quantity of material. Changes in bed storage were controlled by the degree of synchronicity between flows in the Ehen and those in the newly reconnected tributary. Results show that three generalised flow scenarios occur, with total asynchronicity between flows in the tributary and the Ehen being responsible for the main episodes of fine sediment deposition. Overall, the estimated sediment budgets provide insights into the importance of non-perennial sources of sediment in supply-limited systems such as the Ehen. Although bed storage values are within the range of those published for UK rivers, the increase observed since the reconnection, together with the persistence of a static pavement, highlights the ecologically critical conditions of the regulated main-stem River Ehen. Conclusions Intermittent sources control fine sediment transport dynamics in the upper River Ehen. In this regulated river, ongoing deposition associated with increased low-and medium-sized flow events exerts more of a control on bed storage than large but rare floods. Management actions to limit delivery of material from lateral sources could help prevent further deterioration of habitat conditions for biota sensitive to fine sediment. Given the ongoing adjustment in the newly reconnected tributary, continued monitoring is needed to capture further morphosedimentary response in the main-stem.

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“…Size fractions less than ≈8 mm were truncated due to the sampling techniques used. Truncation of this smaller size fraction is expected to have negligible effects on the values of d 50 − d max (Bunte and Abt, 2001). Reach M values were defined based on visual inspection as being either a cascade, step-pool, plane-bed, riffle-pool, forced riffle-pool, or forced dune-riffle reach according to the classification system of Montgomery and Buffington (1997).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of cluster microforms in mountain rivers

Strom

Papanicolaou

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The occurrence of cluster microforms in natural rivers is examined using data collected from three mountain streams. The study was conducted under the premise that the occurrence of clusters is strongly tied to local reach-scale conditions, and that prediction of clustered sites therefore can be made through identification of particular reach conditions that are conducive to cluster development. For the study, reach-scale variables were measured at 50 sites and the presence or absence of clusters at each of these sites was recorded. A statistical analysis using logistic regression was performed to examine the correlation between the occurrence of clusters and various combinations of reach-scale parameters. It was found that clustering was best predicted by the bankfull channel width scaled with the d 84 of the bed sediment, w/d 84 , and the non-dimensional parameter wQ 2 /gd 6 84 . It is thought that these variables work best at predicting the presence of clusters because they are descriptive of the reach hydraulic and sedimentary conditions and work well at discriminating between reach morphology types. It was found that clustering was most strongly tied to riffle-pool type reaches. Observations from this study suggest that clusters can be described as bed features that form out of the structural organization of grains in cobble-size sediment within depositional mountain reaches, for which the majority of the sediment can become mobilized by yearly peak flows.

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Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel-and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring

Abstract: _________________________________________

Cited by 521 publications

References 113 publications

Catchment‐scale mapping of surface grain size in gravel bed rivers using airborne digital imagery

Catchment‐scale mapping of surface grain size in gravel bed rivers using airborne digital imagery

Asynchronicity of fine sediment supply and its effects on transport and storage in a regulated river

Occurrence of cluster microforms in mountain rivers

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