Sampling, storage and laboratory approaches for dissolved organic matter characterisation in freshwaters: Moving from nutrient fraction to molecular-scale characterisation

Lloyd, Charlotte; Johnes, Penny J; Pemberton, Jonathan; Yates, Christopher A.; Jones, Davey L.; Evershed, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154105

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…This example shows the effectiveness of the validated HPSEC system to provide a fast and simple view on the treatment efficiency of the plant for the three fractions. thawing was also reported in literature [55][56][57][58][59]. Therefore, keeping samples in the fridge for two weeks seems the most appropriate method to ensure the stability of the sample.…”

Section: Application Of the Hpsec-toc Methods In A Drinking Water Tre...mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Indeed, the turbidity of Blankaart samples was almost 20 times higher in the freezer compared to the fridge (0.80 NTU vs. 15 NTU), indicating a change in water characteristics when freezing the samples. Significant and sometimes unpredictable changes in the optical properties or aromaticity of NOM by the process of freezing and thawing was also reported in literature [55][56][57][58][59]. Therefore, keeping samples in the fridge for two weeks seems the most appropriate method to ensure the stability of the sample.…”

Section: Sample Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, keeping samples in the fridge for two weeks seems the most appropriate method to ensure the stability of the sample. Sample storage in the fridge was also the preferred method in other studies investigating fresh water, tropical water or water from peatlands [55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Sample Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both waters were sampled on the same day, pre-filtered with a 6 µm filter (Whatmann filter paper, grade 3) and subsequently filtered with a 0.1 µm microfiltration membrane (Synder Filtration V0.1, cross-flow filtration) to remove the suspended and particulate organic matter. Filtration of the water within 24 h of sample collection impedes chemical and biological driven changes of the water [58]. The waters were stored in separate amber glass TOC vials in the fridge (5 • C) or freezer (−18 • C).…”

Section: Sample Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thorough Validation of Optimized Size Exclusion Chromatography-Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Natural Organic Matter in Fresh Waters

Laforce,

Dejaeger,

Vanoppen

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Size exclusion chromatography with total organic carbon detection (HPSEC-TOC) is a widely employed technique for characterizing aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) into high, medium, and low molecular weight fractions. This study validates the suitability of HPSEC-TOC for a simplified yet efficient routine analysis of freshwater and its application within drinking water treatment plants. The investigation highlights key procedural considerations for optimal results and shows the importance of sample preservation by refrigeration with a maximum storage duration of two weeks. Prior to analysis, the removal of inorganic carbon is essential, which is achieved without altering the NOM composition through sample acidification to pH 6 and subsequent N2-purging. The chromatographic separation employs a preparative TSK HW-50S column to achieve a limit of detection of 19.0 µgC dm−3 with an injection volume of 1350 mm−3. The method demonstrates linearity up to 10 000 µgC dm−3. Precision, trueness and recovery assessments are conducted using certified reference materials, model compounds, and real water samples. The relative measurement uncertainty in routine analysis ranges from 3.22% to 5.17%, while the measurement uncertainty on the bias is 8.73%. Overall, the HPSEC-TOC represents a reliable tool for NOM fractions analysis in both treated and untreated ground and surface water.

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Section: Application Of the Hpsec-toc Methods In A Drinking Water Tre...mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Sample Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Sample Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thorough Validation of Optimized Size Exclusion Chromatography-Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Natural Organic Matter in Fresh Waters

Laforce,

Dejaeger,

Vanoppen

et al. 2024

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Effective environmental studies necessitate well-structured sampling plans encompassing location, timing, and methodology for collection and analysis. Sample handling is paramount within the broader sampling strategy to ensure analysis accuracy [ 38 , 39 ]. Changes in the analyte concentration during storage have been recognized as a potential source of bias that could occur prior to sample analysis [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Sample Stability for Pharmaceutical Compound Analysis: Handling and Preservation Recommendations

Hidayati,

Asia,

Lebarillier

et al. 2023

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Efficient and resilient techniques for handling samples are essential for detecting pharmaceutical compounds in the environment. This study explores a method for preserving water samples during transport before quantitative analysis. The study investigates the stability of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), acetaminophen (ACM), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP) after preconcentration within solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Through various experiments involving different holding times and storage temperatures, it was determined that four pharmaceutical compounds remained stable when stored for a month at 4°C and for six months when stored at −18°C in darkness. Storing these compounds in SPE cartridges at −18°C seemed effective in preserving them for extended periods. In addition, ACM, TMP, OTC, EE2, and SMX remained stable for three days at room temperature. These findings establish guidelines for appropriate storage and handling practices of pharmaceutical compounds preconcentrated from aqueous environmental samples using SPE.

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Characterisation of riverine dissolved organic matter using a complementary suite of chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods

et al. 2022

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a fundamental role in nutrient cycling dynamics in riverine systems. Recent research has confirmed that the concentration of riverine DOM is not the only factor regulating its functional significance; the need to define the chemical composition of DOM is a priority. Past studies of riverine DOM rested on bulk quantification, however technological advancements have meant there has been a shift towards analytical methods which allow the characterisation of DOM either at compound class or more recently molecular level. However, it is important to consider that all analytical methods only consider a defined analytical window. Thus, herein, we explore the use of a hierarchy of methods which can be used in combination for the investigation of a wide range of DOM chemistries. By using these methods to investigate the DOM composition of a range of streams draining catchments of contrasting environmental character, a wide range of compounds were identified across a range of polarities and molecular weight, thereby extending the analytical window. Through the elucidation of the DOM character in stream samples, information can be collected about likely the sources of DOM. The identification of individual key compounds within the DOM pool is a key step in the design of robust and informative bioassay experiments, used to understand in-stream ecosystem responses. This is critical if we are to assess the role of DOM as a bioavailable nutrient resource and/or ecotoxicological factor in freshwater.

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Sampling, storage and laboratory approaches for dissolved organic matter characterisation in freshwaters: Moving from nutrient fraction to molecular-scale characterisation

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Thorough Validation of Optimized Size Exclusion Chromatography-Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Natural Organic Matter in Fresh Waters

Thorough Validation of Optimized Size Exclusion Chromatography-Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Natural Organic Matter in Fresh Waters

Environmental Sample Stability for Pharmaceutical Compound Analysis: Handling and Preservation Recommendations

Characterisation of riverine dissolved organic matter using a complementary suite of chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods

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