Sampling Small Quantities of Blood from Microbats

Smith, Craig S.; Jong, C. E. de; Field, Hume

doi:10.3161/150811010x504752

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Wild birds were captured with mist nets (12 m × 35mm mesh) open from 5:30–9 a.m. Cloacal and tracheal swabs were placed in viral transport media (VTM), stored in ice in the field, and transported to the National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production where a cold chain was maintained until testing. Serum samples were stored in phosphate buffered saline, centrifuged, and cold chain maintained following established protocols (Brown et al, 2010; Smith et al, 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Sheta

Fuller

Larison

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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Highly pathogenic influenza A virus subtype H5N1 causes significant poultry mortality in the six countries where it is endemic and can also infect humans. Egypt has reported the third highest number of poultry outbreaks (n=1,084) globally. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify putative risk factors for H5N1 infections in backyard poultry in 16 villages in Damietta, El Gharbia, Fayoum, and Menofia governorates from 2010–2012. Cloacal and tracheal swabs and serum samples from domestic (n=1242)and wild birds (n=807) were tested for H5N1 via RT-PCR and hemagglutination inhibition, respectively. We measured poultry rearing practices with questionnaires (n=306 households) and contact rates among domestic and wild bird species with scan sampling. Domestic birds (chickens, ducks, and geese, n = 51) in three governorates tested positive for H5N1 by PCR or serology. A regression model identified a significant correlation between H5N1 in poultry and the practice of disposing of dead poultry and poultry feces in the garbage (F = 15.7, p< 0.0001). In addition, contact between domestic and wild birds was more frequent in villages where we detected H5N1 in backyard flocks (F= 29.5, p< 0.0001).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Sheta

Fuller

Larison

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Faecal swabs from 33 Pteropus alecto and 27 P. poliocephalus opportunistically obtained from colleagues conducting concurrent henipavirus research in south-east Queensland in 2009 were placed in 1 ml SPGA and stored at 4°C prior to extraction. Bats were bled as described by Smith et al (2010), and blood was diluted 1:10 in phosphate-buffered saline. In addition to faecal and blood samples, oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 30 bats (14 Miniopterus australis, 16 M. schreibersii) from south-east Queensland.…”

Section: Fieldwork: Bat Capture and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Infection and Diversity in Bats in the Australasian Region

et al. 2016

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Following the SARS outbreak, extensive surveillance was undertaken globally to detect and identify coronavirus diversity in bats. This study sought to identify the diversity and prevalence of coronaviruses in bats in the Australasian region. We identified four different genotypes of coronavirus, three of which (an alphacoronavirus and two betacoronaviruses) are potentially new species, having less than 90% nucleotide sequence identity with the most closely related described viruses. We did not detect any SARS-like betacoronaviruses, despite targeting rhinolophid bats, the putative natural host taxa. Our findings support the virus-host co-evolution hypothesis, with the detection of Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8 (previously reported in Miniopterus species in China, Hong Kong and Bulgaria) in Australian Miniopterus species. Similarly, we detected a novel betacoronavirus genotype from Pteropus alecto which is most closely related to Bat coronavirus HKU9 identified in other pteropodid bats in China, Kenya and the Philippines. We also detected possible cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses, and the apparent enteric tropism of these viruses. Thus, our findings are consistent with a scenario wherein the current diversity and host specificity of coronaviruses reflects co-evolution with the occasional host shift.

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“…The first aliquot of blood was added directly to 450 μl of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Additional aliquots of blood were sampled and added to the same PBS to achieve a final dilution of 1:10 and mixed briefly by pipetting (Morton et al 1993;Smith et al 2010). The diluted blood was later centrifuged at 4ºC and the plasma fraction removed for storage at -20ºC and later serologic analysis.…”

Section: Sampling and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with avian FLU⬝Persistence of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Egypt

Njabo

Zanontian

Sheta

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) continues to cause mortality in poultry and threaten human health at a panzootic scale in Egypt since it was reported in 2006. While the early focus has been in Asia, recent evidence suggests that Egypt is an emerging epicenter for the disease. Despite control measures, epizootic transmission of the disease continues. Here, we investigate the persistence of HPAIV across wild passerine birds and domestic poultry between 2009 and 2012 and the potential risk for continuous viral transmission in Egypt. We use a new weighted cross J-function to investigate the degree and spatial temporal nature of the clustering between sightings of infected birds of different types, and the risk of infection associated with direct contact with infected birds. While we found no infection in wild birds, outbreaks occurred year round between 2009 and 2012, with a positive interaction between chickens and ducks. The disease was more present in the years 2010 and 2011 coinciding with the political unrest in the country. Egypt thus continues to experience endemic outbreaks of avian influenza HPAIV in poultry and an increased potential risk of infection to other species including humans. With the current trends, the elimination of the HPAIV infection is highly unlikely without a complete revamp of current policies. The application of spatial statistics techniques to these types of data may help us to understand the characteristics of the disease and may subsequently allow practitioners to explore possible preventive solutions.

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Sampling Small Quantities of Blood from Microbats

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Coronavirus Infection and Diversity in Bats in the Australasian Region

Living with avian FLU⬝Persistence of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Egypt

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