Sampling Method and Tree-Age Affect Soil Organic C and N Contents in Larch Plantations

Wang, Huimei; Wang, Wenjie; Chang, Scott X.

doi:10.3390/f8010028

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Additional incompatibility issues arise due to whether soil is sampled by depth or horizon and how (or if) bulk density is used as the parameter to calculate SOC stocks [7,187,188]. In general, sampling by horizon is recommended for studying pedogenic controls on soil properties, while sampling by depth is recommended for nutrition-based studies because it requires a smaller sampling size for a given error limit [189,190]. Calculating SOC stocks using the mass-based approach is commonly recommended to avoid confounding effects caused by land-use-or management-related changes in bulk density over time [88,[191][192][193][194][195].…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case for Digging Deeper: Soil Organic Carbon Storage, Dynamics, and Controls in Our Changing World

2019

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Most of our terrestrial carbon (C) storage occurs in soils as organic C derived from living organisms. Therefore, the fate of soil organic C (SOC) in response to changes in climate, land use, and management is of great concern. Here we provide a unified conceptual model for SOC cycling by gathering the available information on SOC sources, dissolved organic C (DOC) dynamics, and soil biogeochemical processes. The evidence suggests that belowground C inputs (from roots and microorganisms) are the dominant source of both SOC and DOC in most ecosystems. Considering our emerging understanding of SOC protection mechanisms and long-term storage, we highlight the present need to sample (often ignored) deeper soil layers. Contrary to long-held biases, deep SOC—which contains most of the global amount and is often hundreds to thousands of years old—is susceptible to decomposition on decadal timescales when the environmental conditions under which it accumulated change. Finally, we discuss the vulnerability of SOC in different soil types and ecosystems globally, as well as identify the need for methodological standardization of SOC quality and quantity analyses. Further study of SOC protection mechanisms and the deep soil biogeochemical environment will provide valuable information about controls on SOC cycling, which in turn may help prioritize C sequestration initiatives and provide key insights into climate-carbon feedbacks.

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Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case for Digging Deeper: Soil Organic Carbon Storage, Dynamics, and Controls in Our Changing World

2019

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“…Compared with hardwood species, conifer species resulted in lower SOC stocks when excluding forest floor and litters (Guo & Gifford, 2002;Laganiere, Angers, & Pare, 2010;Paul, Polglase, Nyakuengama, & Khanna, 2002), but previous studies have not considered the role of aggregates stability and C/N stoichiometry. Furthermore, large inter-site variations of soil properties (Boca et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016) possibly obscure inter-species effects (Wang, Wang, & Chang, 2017). It is possible to compare broadleaf and conifer species by designing experiments within a single site (Cha, Cha, & Oh, 2019;Kooch, Rostayee, & Hosseini, 2016;Sariyildiz et al, 2015;Tang & Li, 2013), but when multiple-species were across large-scale sites, the site variations need to be statistically excluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil aggregation accounts for the mineral soil organic carbon and nitrogen accrual in broadleaved forests as compared to that of coniferous forests in Northeast China: Cross‐sites and multiple species comparisons

et al. 2020

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Differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) between broadleaved and coniferous forests are not well-defined, hindering the evaluation of the influence of forest-type on land degradation and development. For these two foresttypes, we determined differences in soil aggregation, SOC, and TN by comparing 202 plots at six sites with 14 common afforestation tree species. Bulk soil was separated to macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm), microaggregates (0.053-0.25 mm), and silt and clay fractions (<0.053 mm). Inter-site variations were excluded by MANOVA (multiple analysis of variance) and MANCOVA (multiple analysis of covariance). Broadleaved forests exhibited 30-50% higher SOC and TN in bulk soils than that of coniferous forests, and aggregates contributed to 75-77% of the SOC and TN accrual. The high accrual was a result of SOC and TN concentration increases in aggregates (30-50%), macroaggregates fraction increases (50%, with a 14% decrease in the non-aggregate fractions), aggregates diameter increases (one-third), and non-significant differences in C/N. Uncertainty tests showed a low bias (4.2%), and the accrual of SOC and TN in broadleaved forests were larger at sites with less clay and at higher altitude and more precipitation and afforested with more fraxinus and less poplar. Our results highlight that SOC and TN accrual in broadleaved forests is mainly due to the stronger aggregates protection, which should be fully considered during precise land evaluation and species selection for afforestation. Future studies identifying the mechanisms underlying these changes should consider interactions among leaf functional traits, aggregation-disaggregation processes, and microbial rhizosphere deposition.

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“…These factors are the main reasons for changes in forest SOC, soil respiration, temperature stability and turnover during urbanization processes. Furthermore, in a large-scale field survey, a proper statistical method facilitates clarification of the complex interaction of multiple factors on the response function [25]. An integrated approach including correlation analysis and regression analysis [22] can be used to obtain reliable results and explanations of such variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization Drives SOC Accumulation, Its Temperature Stability and Turnover in Forests, Northeastern China

Zhai

Wang

et al. 2017

Forests

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Global urbanization is a vital process shaping terrestrial ecosystems but its effects on forest soil carbon (C) dynamics are still not well defined. To clarify the effects of urbanization on soil organic carbon (SOC) variation, 306 soil samples were collected and analyzed under two urban-rural gradients, defined according to human disturbance time and ring road development in Changchun, northeast China. Forest SOC showed a linear increase with increasing human disturbance time from year 1900 to 2014 (13.4 g C m −2 year −1 ), and a similar trend was found for the ring road gradient. Old-city regions had the longest SOC turnover time and it increased significantly with increasing urbanization (p = 0.011). Along both urban-rural gradients SOC stability toward temperature variation increased with increasing urbanization, meaning SOC stability in old-city regions was higher than in new regions. However, none of the urban-rural gradients showed marked changes in soil basal respiration rate. Both Pearson correlation and stepwise regression proved that these urbanization-induced SOC patterns were closely associated with landscape forest (LF) proportion and soil electrical conductivity (EC) changes in urban-rural gradients, but marginally related with tree size and compositional changes. Overall, Changchun urbanization-induced SOC accumulation was 60.6-98.08 thousand tons, accounting for 12.8-20.7% of the total forest C biomass sequestration. Thus, China's rapid urbanization-induced SOC sequestration, stability and turnover time, should be fully estimated when evaluating terrestrial C balance.

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Sampling Method and Tree-Age Affect Soil Organic C and N Contents in Larch Plantations

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

The Case for Digging Deeper: Soil Organic Carbon Storage, Dynamics, and Controls in Our Changing World

The Case for Digging Deeper: Soil Organic Carbon Storage, Dynamics, and Controls in Our Changing World

Soil aggregation accounts for the mineral soil organic carbon and nitrogen accrual in broadleaved forests as compared to that of coniferous forests in Northeast China: Cross‐sites and multiple species comparisons

Urbanization Drives SOC Accumulation, Its Temperature Stability and Turnover in Forests, Northeastern China

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