Sampling maternal care behaviour in domestic dogs: What’s the best approach?

Czerwinski, Veronika H.; Smith, Bradley; Hynd, P. I.; Hazel, Susan J.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.03.018

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…), but the methodology can modify the results: when short time interval sampling methods were used, the frequency and the duration of anogenital licking were highly inconsistent (Czerwinski et al . ).…”

Section: Maternal Behaviour Repertoirementioning

confidence: 97%

“…During the first 21 days of life, the puppies rely on the stimulus of licking by the mother (Fig 1) to defaecate and urinate (Grant 1987, Linde-Forsberg 2005. The frequency of licking declines slowly over time (Korda & Brewinska 1977a, Grant 1987, Foyer et al 2016, Guardini et al 2016, Czerwinski et al 2017, Guardini et al 2017, Bray et al 2017a. In mixed breed dogs, licking activity decreases from day 2 to day 13 to 14 (Korda & Brewinska 1977a) and by days 13 to 20 puppies become less reliant on this stimulation (Grant 1987).…”

Section: Postpartum: Oro-nasal Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of investigations aiming to characterise maternal care in domestic dogs during the first postpartum weeks is limited (Scott & Marston 1950;James 1952;Bleicher 1962;Freak, 1962, Rheingold 1963. However, since it was demonstrated that adult dogs' character traits can be affected by maternal, litter-related and seasonal variables experienced early in life (Foyer et al 2013), a considerable amount of available data has been published in this area (Guardini et al 2015, Czerwinski et al 2016, Foyer et al 2016, Guardini et al 2016, Orfanou et al 2016, Czerwinski et al 2017, Guardini et al 2017, Bray et al 2017a, 2017b, Dietz et al 2018. The research methodology varies greatly, depending on the available technology, but there is an increasing trend towards the use of video recording, which allows the same sample to be evaluated multiple times (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The long-lasting effects of mother-puppy interactions on puppy behaviour during their adult life are still poorly understood, despite their importance for breeders who wish to prevent future problem behaviours. 2015, Czerwinski et al 2017, Guardini et al 2017) and crossbreeds (Korda and Brewinska, 1977.One of the first studies on the interaction between the bitch and her puppies was performed by Scott (1958) during weaning. The same research group later focused on the genetics and social behaviour of dogs (Scott & Fuller 1965).…”

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A review of maternal behaviour in dogs and potential areas for further research

Santos

Beck

Fontbonne

2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Here we review information on maternal behaviour in dogs, defined as a combination of all the acts of the mother towards her offspring, which begins before parturition and continues until weaning. In dogs, maternal care is measured using the most commonly observed behaviours, such as the time spent in contact, licking/grooming and nursing of the puppies. Since newborn puppies have a very limited capacity for movement, maternal interaction is essential to their survival, nourishment and protection. It is also an important element of the bonding process between puppies and the bitch and is thought to play a role in the social development of the puppies. Nevertheless, some questions still need to be clarified, such as the best way to quantify factors that may interfere with maternal behaviour. In recent studies, maternal care, or maternal style, was measured using a scoring system and found to be influenced by factors such as litter size, breed and parity, or even human interaction.However, the impact of the emotional state of the bitch and the quality of maternal behaviour on puppy survival and development remain unclear. The long-lasting effects of mother-puppy interactions on puppy behaviour during their adult life are still poorly understood, despite their importance for breeders who wish to prevent future problem behaviours.

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Section: Maternal Behaviour Repertoirementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Postpartum: Oro-nasal Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of maternal behaviour in dogs and potential areas for further research

Santos

Beck

Fontbonne

2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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The links between positive human interaction and maternal behaviour and welfare of commercial breeding dams (Canis familiaris)

Baqueiro-Espinosa,

Donnelly,

McEvoy

et al. 2024

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Factors influencing ease of whelping and its relationship with maternal behaviour and puppy perinatal mortality in commercially bred dogs

Baqueiro-Espinosa

McEvoy

Arnott

2022

Sci Rep

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For dog breeders, parturition is a critical stage in the reproductive cycle of the dam. Evidence in other mammals suggests that a difficult labour can influence maternal behaviour and offspring viability during the first hours postpartum. However, the effect of whelping difficulty on the onset of maternal behaviour has not yet been investigated in domestic dogs. Here we developed an ease of whelping (EoW) index in dams maintained within a Commercial dog Breeding Establishment (CBE) environment and investigated the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors (breed group according to size/weight, litter size, parity, whelping season and origin of the dam), EoW, early maternal behaviour and puppy perinatal mortality. The behaviour of 30 dams was observed throughout the whelping process, starting 24 h before delivery of the first puppy until birth of the last puppy. Parturition duration, birth interval, and behaviours indicative of distress, restlessness, and general activity were scored and included in a Principal Component Analysis to construct the EoW index. Subsequently, mother–pup interactions and puppy perinatal mortality were recorded during the first 24 and 72 h postpartum respectively. Results showed that EoW was significantly affected by whelping season, litter size and origin of the dam (whether she was born and raised within the CBE or brought in). Furthermore, mothers that experienced more difficult parturitions (higher EoW score) spent more time lying in contact with their puppies during the first 24 h postpartum. Time in contact with puppies was also significantly affected by breed group. Nursing duration was significantly affected by breed group and origin of the dam. Additionally, medium-size breed (10–20 kg) puppies were significantly less likely to experience perinatal mortality than large breeds (> 20 kg). These findings are particularly relevant for the welfare of breeding dams maintained in large-scale CBEs where the staff-to-dog ratio might be insufficient to adequately manage multiple simultaneous parturitions.

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Sampling maternal care behaviour in domestic dogs: What’s the best approach?

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

A review of maternal behaviour in dogs and potential areas for further research

A review of maternal behaviour in dogs and potential areas for further research

The links between positive human interaction and maternal behaviour and welfare of commercial breeding dams (Canis familiaris)

Factors influencing ease of whelping and its relationship with maternal behaviour and puppy perinatal mortality in commercially bred dogs

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