Sampling for chemical analysis

Kratochvil, Byron; Taylor, John Κ.

doi:10.1021/ac00231a001

Cited by 100 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…The overall accuracy depends on the sampling and analysis techniques used. Excellent discussions of general sampling protocols for organic materials are found in Kratochvil et al (1984) and Kratochvil and Taylor (1981). Specific sampling protocols for solid waste materials are available in ASTM (1993); US EPA, 1997; and Martin et a/.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Rapid Moisture Content Method For Compost Materials

McCartney

Tingley

1998

Compost Science & Utilization

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One of the most important design and operating parameters at composting facilities is moisture content. Existing standard gravimetric oven methods required a minimum of 19 hours to complete. In this study, by reducing the amount of sample, the time required to complete a standard gravimetric oven method was reduced to nine hours. A new infrared moisture balance method was also developed that reduced the analysis time to 33 minutes. The new infrared method, however, requires one apparatus for each result. The relative precision of the new infrared method was compared to two standard methods using five different materials: straw, celery, paper industry biosolids, municipal biosolids, and cured municipal compost. The new infrared method gave equivalent accuracy on all the materials tested, except for the low moisture content (five percent) material (straw).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Rapid Moisture Content Method For Compost Materials

McCartney

Tingley

1998

Compost Science & Utilization

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“…The scope of environmental sampling addressed here will include the following aspects related to sampling: Where, When, What, How, and How Many to take samples; the choice of where (spatially) and when (temporally) to take samples generally should be based on sound statistics (simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and composite sampling) (Kratochvil et al, 1984). Although guidelines exist, there is no set rule regarding the number, the amount, and the frequency of samples/sampling.…”

Section: Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Limnological Studies in Mysuru City

Abhilash

Nagaraju³

et al. 2016

IRA-JAS

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<div><p><em>Water security is emerging as an important and imperative issue for India. Many Indian cities are experiencing moderate to severe water shortages due to understood effects of industrialization and urbanization. These shortages would be further provoked by population stress and irrigation requirements that are major factors related to water insecurity. Around 1.2 billion people, or almost one-fifth of the world's population, live in areas of physical scarcity and 500 million people are approaching this situation. Another 1.6 billion people or almost one quarter of the world's population, are facing economic water shortage. Water use is growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century. The water bodies, rivers, lakes, dams and estuaries are continuously subject to dynamic state of change with respect to the geological age and geochemical characteristics. The dynamic balance in the aquatic ecosystem is upset by human activities, resulting in pollution which is manifested dramatically as fish kill, offensive taste, odor, color, and unchecked aquatic weeds. Consequences of such human activities and discharge of sewage water makes the existence of the lakes more vulnerable. It is the prime necessary to take immediate remedial action to prevent all anthropogenic activities in the studied lakes or else the lakes will become biologically barren and will be lost forever. In the present study an attempt was made to know the physical, chemical, characteristic of lake water of selected lakes of Mysuru city. </em></p></div>

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“…The necessary reduction of a bulk sample to a laboratory sample suitable for analytical techniques can introduce errors due to contamination and heterogeneity. These errors may become the limiting factors for achieving the goal of precise and accurate analysis [23]. As the analytical test portion becomes smaller, better homogeneity is required so that the sample is representative of the bulk.…”

Section: Development Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sampling and Analysis of Human Livers

Zeisler¹

1986

J. RES. NAT. BUR. STAN.

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A comprehensive approach to the analysis of human livers has been developed in a pilot program for a National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB). Since 1980, the pilot NESB program has examined the collection, processing, storage and analysis of human livers. Sampling protocols, handling procedures and analytical methods have been developed and implemented considering the requirements for valid analytical results. Sampling and handling included the use of clean room technology, specific clean implements and packing materials made from titanium and Teflon and flash-freezing and preservation at liquid nitrogen temperature. Neutron activation analysis played a major role in the implemented analytical scheme. The scheme combined up to four analytical techniques to determine the distribution of 29 trace elements in 66 human livers.

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Sampling for chemical analysis

Cited by 100 publications

References 226 publications

Development of a Rapid Moisture Content Method For Compost Materials

Development of a Rapid Moisture Content Method For Compost Materials

Comparative Limnological Studies in Mysuru City

The Sampling and Analysis of Human Livers

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