Sampling for Chemical Analysis

Report

“…Regardless of design, validity of data from any study always depends, in part, on the validity of the model and the sample (3,4). According to Taylor (5), the model represents the conceptualization of the problem to be solved and describes the samples that should be analyzed, the data required, and the way the model will be used.…”

Sampling and sample preparation

“…It is again based on the sampling plan concept, described by Kratochvil [72] and Taylor. It is again based on the sampling plan concept, described by Kratochvil [72] and Taylor.…”

“…It is again based on the sampling plan concept, described by Kratochvil [72] and Taylor. Table 3-6a shows a generalized process of size reduction of the sample population to the test portion actually analyzed and gives definitions of sample terms [72]. The sampling plan basically deals with the technical aspects of sampling and visualizes the expected fate of the trace element(s) during sampling and sample preparation steps.…”

“…A practical approach is the undertaking of a pilot experiment [3,72]. From this pilot experiment a provisional average (zavg) and external standard deviation (s,) are determined.…”

Analysis of Metals in Sediments

“…The collection and handling of samples prior to analysis has been discussed by various workers and organizations, including Smith and James, 1 Kratochvil et al 2, 3 Gy, 4 Woodget and Cooper, 5 Harrison, 6 Walton and Hoffman, 7 Laitinen et al 8,9 Ingamells and Pitard, 10 Kratochvil and Taylor, 11 Kratochvil, 12 Wallace and Kratochvil,13 the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 14 and HMSO. 15 Other bodies that have discussed sampling procedures include the American Society for Testing Materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the American Public Health Association, and the British Standards Institution.…”