Sampling and recovery of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from high-touch surfaces by sponge stick and macrofoam swab

Hardison, Rachael L.; Limmer, Rebecca; Marx, Joel; Taylor, Brian M.; Barriga, Daniela; Nelson, Sarah W.; Feliciano-Ruiz, Ninoshkaly; Stewart, Michael J.; Calfee, M. Worth; James, Ryan R.; Ryan, Shawn; Howard, Megan W.

doi:10.1080/15459624.2023.2231516

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Varying concentrations of PSV were first randomly deposited onto the packaging surface for contamination. As shown in Figure A, the swab was immersed in RB and used for swabbing the contaminated surface in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions . After sample collection, the swab was soaked in 1 mL of RB at RT for 10 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly of Single-Virus SERS Hotspots for Highly Sensitive In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on Solid Surfaces

Song,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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Microbial surface transmission has aroused great attention since the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Developing a simple in situ detection method for viruses on solid surfaces is of great significance for timely public health surveillance. Taking advantage of the natural structure of SARS-CoV-2, we reported the assembly of Au@AgNPs on the surface of a single virus by the specific aptamer–spike protein interaction. Multiple hotspots can be created between the neighboring Au@AgNPs for the highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of SARS-CoV-2. Using two different aptamers labeled with Cy3 and Au@AgNPs, in situ SERS detection of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 (PSV) on packaging surfaces was achieved within 20 min, with a detection limit of 5.26 TCID50/mL. For the blind testing of 20 PSV-contaminated packaging samples, this SERS aptasensor had a sensitivity of 100% and an accuracy of 100%. This assay has been successfully applied to in situ detection of PSV on the surfaces of different packaging materials, suggesting its potential applicability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly of Single-Virus SERS Hotspots for Highly Sensitive In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on Solid Surfaces

Song,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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“…However, our sampling method made RNA quantification difficult, and results are presented as copies per extraction instead of copies per surface area. Another limitation for using this data in modelling is that the sampling efficiency for the different materials that were sampled is unknown and likely to vary (Hardison et al, 2023; Jansson et al, 2020). Sampling efficiency is predicted to have a large effect on the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected on surfaces (Supplementary figure 4) but it is very challenging to determine experimentally due to the high number of variables involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 17-month longitudinal environmental sampling study carried out on public transport vehicles operating in England during the COVID-19 pandemic identified low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination

Aranega-Bou,

Pottage,

Fenwick

et al. 2023

Preprint

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AimsTo monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA contamination in vehicles operating in England during the pandemic, to better understand transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 on public transport.Methods and ResultsWe collected 1,314 surface samples between December 2020 and April 2022 on trains and buses managed by five different transport operators. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was investigated through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found on 197 (15%) of the 1,314 surfaces sampled, including seat head rests, handholds, and air extract grilles, but the levels of RNA recovered on those samples (median value of 23.4, inter-quartile range: 14.3-35.4,Ngene copies per extraction) made the presence of infectious virus at the time of sampling extremely unlikely. However, detection rates varied over time with peaks broadly coinciding with times of high community transmission, suggesting that people infected with SARS-CoV-2 when travelling on public transport could create opportunities for transmission.ConclusionDuring the pandemic, and as in other public spaces, low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were found on surfaces associated with public transport.Impact statementThe results of this study will inform modelling approaches and the implementation of mitigation strategies to minimise the risk of transmission of respiratory viruses in public transport.

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A 17-month longitudinal surface sampling study carried out on public transport vehicles operating in England during the COVID-19 pandemic identified low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination

Aranega-Bou,

Pottage,

Fenwick

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims To monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA contamination in vehicles operating in England during the pandemic, to better understand transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 on public transport. Methods and Results We collected 1 314 surface samples between December 2020 and April 2022 on trains and buses managed by five different transport operators. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was investigated through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found on 197 (15%) of the 1 314 surfaces sampled, including seat head rests, handholds, and air extract grilles, but the levels of RNA recovered on those samples (median value of 23.4, inter-quartile range: 14.3–35.4, N gene copies per extraction) made the presence of infectious virus at the time of sampling extremely unlikely. However, detection rates varied over time with peaks broadly coinciding with times of high community transmission, when it was more likely that people infected with SARS-CoV-2 were travelling on public transport. Conclusion During the pandemic, and as in other public spaces, low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were found on surfaces associated with public transport.

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Sampling and recovery of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from high-touch surfaces by sponge stick and macrofoam swab

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Self-Assembly of Single-Virus SERS Hotspots for Highly Sensitive In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on Solid Surfaces

Self-Assembly of Single-Virus SERS Hotspots for Highly Sensitive In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on Solid Surfaces

A 17-month longitudinal environmental sampling study carried out on public transport vehicles operating in England during the COVID-19 pandemic identified low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination

A 17-month longitudinal surface sampling study carried out on public transport vehicles operating in England during the COVID-19 pandemic identified low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination

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