Sampling and Assignment Mechanisms in Experiments, Surveys and Observational Studies, Correspondent Paper

Smith, T. M. F.; Sugden, R. A.

doi:10.2307/1403640

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…50,124,125 Nineteen reviews used a variety of versions of the 'levels of evidence' framework originally developed by Sackett 126 and did not assess quality beyond identifying the study design.…”

Section: Source Of Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies

Deeks¹,

Dinnes²,

D’Amico³

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

2,146

1,464

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Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. NHS libraries can subscribe free of charge. Public libraries can subscribe at a very reduced cost of £100 for each volume (normally comprising 30-40 titles). The commercial subscription rate is £300 per volume. Please see our website for details. Subscriptions can only be purchased for the current or forthcoming volume. Contact details are as follows: Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK. We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA Programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTA NHS R&D HTA ProgrammeT he NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme was set up in 1993 to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS.Initially, six HTA panels (pharmaceuticals, acute sector, primary and community care, diagnostics and imaging, population screening, methodology) helped to set the research priorities for the HTA Programme. However, during the past few years there have been a number of changes in and around NHS R&D, such as the establishment of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the creation of three new research programmes: Service Delivery and Organisation (SDO); New and Emerging Applications of Technology (NEAT); and the Methodology Programme. The editors and publisher have tried to ensure the accuracy of this report but do not accept liability for damages or losses arising from material published in this report. They would like to thank the referees for their constructive comments on the draft document.ISSN 1366-5278 © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2003This monograph may be freely...

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Section: Source Of Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies

Deeks¹,

Dinnes²,

D’Amico³

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

2,146

1,464

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, Feinstein (1988) advocates the following scientific principles: stipulate a research hypothesis prior to analysis; study a well-specified cohort having a statistical factor in common (e.g., undisturbed, naturally regenerated pine stands in the eastern coastal plain); collect high-quality data; study possible explanations; and avoid detection bias. Smith and Sugden (1988) give statistical conditions necessary to establish cause-effect in experiments and surveys for analytical inference. With simple random sampling, sampling mechanism can be ignored for inference.…”

Section: Cause-effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys for analytical inference followed by experiments or vice versa are the ideal ways to document cause-effect because both mechanisms can be ignored (Smith and Sugden 1988).…”

Section: Cause-effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term strategy for the statistical design of a forest health monitoring system

Schreuder

Czaplewski

1993

Environ Monit Assess

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Abstract. A conceptual framework is given for a broad-scale survey of forest health that accomplishes three objectives: generate descriptive statistics; detect changes in such statistics; and simplify analytical inferences that identify, and possibly establish cause-effect relationships. Our paper discusses the development of sampling schemes to satisfy these three objectives, but without any design restrictions implied by existing sample surveys. A general vision of a desirable future system will increase chances that short-term decisions will lead to better environmental monitoring systems in the long term.

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“…In this case, treatment differences cannot be identified based on observing one unit. Thus, for the set of responses actually observed, there is a corresponding set of unobservable responses from treatments that might have been applied (Smith andSugden, 1988, Thompson, 2002). Therefore, one may prefer to study the average difference between treatment means, µ k − µ k , where k and k , k = k , are any two of the treatment labels, k = 1, ..., T .…”

Section: Introduction 11 Motivating Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of treatment effects under combined sampling and experimental designs

Smith

2008

Environmetrics

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Over the years sampling and experimental design have developed independently with little mutual compatibility. However, many studies do (or should) involve both a sampling design and an experimental design. For example, a polluted site may be exhaustively partitioned into area plots, a random sample of plots selected, and the selected plots randomly assigned to three clean-up regimens. In this research the relationship between sampling design and experimental design is discussed and a basic review of each is given. An estimator that combines sampling and experimental design is presented and it's development explained. Properties of this estimator will be derived and some applications of the estimator will be examined. Finally, a simulation study comparing this estimator with the traditional estimator will be presented. AbstractOver the years sampling and experimental design have developed independently with little mutual compatibility. However, many studies do (or should) involve both a sampling design and an experimental design. For example, a polluted site may be exhaustively partitioned into area plots, a random sample of plots selected, and the selected plots randomly assigned to three clean-up regimens. In this research the relationship between sampling design and experimental design is discussed and a basic review of each is given. An estimator that combines sampling and experimental design is presented and it's development explained. Properties of this estimator will be derived and some applications of the estimator will be examined. Finally, a simulation study comparing this estimator with the traditional estimator will be presented.

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Sampling and Assignment Mechanisms in Experiments, Surveys and Observational Studies, Correspondent Paper

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies

Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies

Long-term strategy for the statistical design of a forest health monitoring system

Estimation of treatment effects under combined sampling and experimental designs

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