Sampling and analyte enrichment strategies for ambient mass spectrometry

Abstract

Ambient mass spectrometry provides great convenience for fast screening, and has showed promising potential in analytical chemistry. However, its relatively low sensitivity seriously restricts its practical utility in trace compound analysis. In this review, we summarize the sampling and analyte enrichment strategies coupled with nine modes of representative ambient mass spectrometry (desorption electrospray ionization, paper vhspray ionization, wooden-tip spray ionization, probe electrospray ionization, coated blade spray ionization, direct analysis in real time, desorption corona beam ionization, dielectric barrier discharge ionization, and atmospheric-pressure solids analysis probe) that have dramatically increased the detection sensitivity. We believe that these advances will promote routine use of ambient mass spectrometry. Graphical abstract Scheme of sampling stretagies for ambient mass spectrometry.

Selective Enrichment of Phosphopeptides and Phospholipids from Biological Matrixes on TiO2 Nanowire Arrays for Direct Molecular Characterization by Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…The detection sensitivity and chemical selectivity of direct MS analysis has been significantly improved with the adoption of functional materials. 28,29 Various functional materials have been used for the selective chemical extraction of biosamples prior to MS detection. 30−34 Also, use of molecularly imprinted membranes, 35 surface modified wooden tips, 36 and octadecyl silica coated blades 37,38 allowed MS detection of target compounds at sub-ppb level in complex samples.…”

“…30−34 Also, use of molecularly imprinted membranes, 35 surface modified wooden tips, 36 and octadecyl silica coated blades 37,38 allowed MS detection of target compounds at sub-ppb level in complex samples. 28,29,37 Recently, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles were demonstrated for the enrichment of analytes with phosphoryl group based on the Lewis acid−base interactions between the phosphoryl group and Ti ions. 39−41 Thus, the development of ambient ionization method combined with the TiO 2 material should be a potential solution for the rapid determination of phosphopeptides or phospholipids in biological matrixes.…”

“…The detection sensitivity and chemical selectivity of direct MS analysis has been significantly improved with the adoption of functional materials. , Various functional materials have been used for the selective chemical extraction of biosamples prior to MS detection. − Also, use of molecularly imprinted membranes, surface modified wooden tips, and octadecyl silica coated blades , allowed MS detection of target compounds at sub-ppb level in complex samples. ,, Recently, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles were demonstrated for the enrichment of analytes with phosphoryl group based on the Lewis acid–base interactions between the phosphoryl group and Ti ions. − Thus, the development of ambient ionization method combined with the TiO 2 material should be a potential solution for the rapid determination of phosphopeptides or phospholipids in biological matrixes.…”

Analytical barriers in clinical B-type natriuretic peptide measurement and the promising analytical methods based on mass spectrometry technology

“…Obviously, the detection of BNP in blood is a challenging task, and there are no reports to date. Therefore, sample preparation strategies [94] have been developed to improve the practical utility of techniques for the detection of ultratrace analytes, including SPE [95], solid-phase microextraction [96] and immunoaffinity. Chen and Badu-Tawiah [97] built a PS-based immunoassay platform for large molecule detection, including malaria antigen and cancer antigen.…”

Fast screening of illicit drugs in beverages and biological fluids by direct coupling of thin film microextraction to dielectric barrier discharge ionization-mass spectrometry

“…Recently, the rapid development of various ambient mass spectrometry technologies opened the door to quick and easy direct introduction of samples or extracts into mass spectrometers. 6,7 In particular, the dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source was already successfully used for the analysis of analytes collected by SPME devices in the fiber 8,9 and arrow 10 geometries. More recently, capillary atmospheric pressure photoionization (cAPPI) was successfully employed for the direct SPME analysis of nonpolar compounds like PAHs.…”