Sample Size Matters When Drawing Conclusions on Alternate-Day Fasting Diet

Abstract

Caruso and Polosa assert that we did not use standard methods when we tested IQOS. But standards for conventional cigarettes need to be adapted to this new smoking technology. 3 Because all studies that tested the IQOS had been commissioned by PMI, and because these also used "nonstandard" smoking regimens and "nonvalidated" instruments, 4,5 we argue no "standard" exists yet for testing the IQOS. We adapted the standard International Organization for Standardization (ISO) regimen to better simulate the IQOS smoke scenario and hope others will also help improve techniques for accurately measuring the new smoking technologies; this is how standards evolve. Necessary modifications to the smoking regimen probably account for the discrepancy between some tobacco company results and our results. 6 To measure airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we used the validated National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) sampling method (2549:1996) and our own accredited analytical method (ISO 17025). We used validated methods (NIOSH 5506 and ISO 17093) to detect and quantify both particle bound and gaseous airborne polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs). We adapted the method to sample PAHs for the IQOS so it was more sensitive and measured the mean concentrations from smoke generated by 10 IQOS cigarettes.We did not intend to test for combustion but pyrolysis, which produces the harmful components of smoke. We showed that tobacco is pyrolized when heated to 330°C in the IQOS, which supports our argument that the IQOS aerosol should be called "smoke." We were glad to read that Maeder and Peitsch agree, in their full review of the research letter, that the IQOS is not devoid of pyrolytic processes. 7 We are pleased that the question of what constitutes "smoke" is a topic of debate in the scientific community.

Do Adults Utilizing Intermittent Fasting Improve Lipids More Than Those Following a Restricted-Calorie Diet? A Clin-IQ

“…Limitations included noncompliance, gender bias, and subjects limited to otherwise healthy obese adults. After publication of this article, there was an official comment made regarding these limitations, 7 to which Trepanowski et al concurred, discussing that there may be benefit in a generalized patient population but that more research would be required to clarify this point. 8 In a randomized pilot study published in 2018, Conley et al 5 examined whether a 5:2 intermittent energy restriction diet was more effective for weight loss compared to continuous energy restriction in 24 subjects over 6 months.…”