We examined bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus community structure and abundance in the northeast Gulf of Mexico coastal waters stretching from St. Vincent Sound to Alligator Harbor, Florida, USA. Photographic-identification surveys were conducted between May 2004 and October 2006 to gain an understanding of dolphin distribution in this region. Dolphins were distributed year-round throughout the region; however, individual sighting records indicate that 2 parapatric dolphin communities exist. We conducted mark-recapture surveys using photographic-identification techniques to estimate the abundance of dolphins inhabiting the 2 areas these communities reside in: St. Vincent Sound/Apalachicola Bay, western; and St. George Sound/ Alligator Harbor, eastern. Sighting records of individual dolphins from 2004 to 2008 support the existence of 2 communities in these areas; only 3.5% of distinctive dolphins photographed were seen in both western and eastern areas. The 2 communities differ in their structure: the eastern area supports a more transient population with 45.7% of distinctive dolphins photo graphed only once compared with 28.3% in the west. Independent estimates of abundance (N, 95% CI = [low, high]) were calculated using the Chapman modification of the Lincoln-Petersen method for June 2007 and for January and February 2008 for the eastern area (242 [141−343], 395 [273−516]) and for the western survey area (197 [130−264], 111 [71−150]), respectively. Our results serve as a baseline that can be used by the US National Marine Fisheries Service to manage bottlenose dolphins in this region.KEY WORDS: Bottlenose dolphin · Photographic identification · Mark-recapture · Community structure · Abundance
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 438: [253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265] 2011 Bay, Florida ( Photo-identification (photo-ID) methods, which rely on obtaining a photograph of an individual dolphin's natural markings (such as nicks, notches, and/or scars found along the dorsal fin or peduncle), are widely used in the study of bottlenose dolphins. These natural markings are considered to be longlasting, and they have been used successfully to identify individuals and track them over time (Hammond 1990, Wilson et al. 1999. Using photo-ID methods, researchers have found that bottlenose dolphins are distributed relatively continuously in most parts of their range, although within this continuum range boundaries and discrete communities (i.e. resident dolphins that regularly share large portions of their ranges, exhibit similar distinct genetic profiles, and interact with each other to a much greater extent than with dolphins in adjacent waters; Wells et al. 1987) have been defined (Shane 1980, Irvine et al. 1981, Wells 1986, 1991, Wells et al. 1987, Hansen 1990, Shane 1990, Rossbach & Herzing 1999, Chilvers & Corkeron 2003, Lusseau et al. 2005, Fazioli et al. 2006, Balmer et al. 2008, Urian et al. 2009, 2004, and 2005/2...