The
extraction of bitumen from oil sands involves the use and reuse
of large volumes of water. When water reaches a point where it can
no longer be recycled, it is termed oil sands process-affected water
(OSPW). OSPW contains a mixture of residual hydrocarbons, including
naphthenic acids, and has elevated salinity. This work presents new
insights based on a laboratory-based study of how salinity influences
the naphthenic acid compounds observed in water. Laboratory bench-scale
simulations were set up to measure how water chemistry changes, with
both time and under different salt conditions, using Milli-Q water
and a simulated OSPW water matrix. Samples were analyzed for basic
water chemistry and by high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
Data are discussed with regard to overall quantification of organic
species and naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) in the water,
as well as by hydrocarbon class, double-bond equivalent, and carbon
number. Mass spectral quantitation and characterization showed that
the presence of salts and ions in the simulated OSPW (i) increases
the concentration of measured species and (ii) changed the relative
distribution of oxygenated polar hydrocarbons. For example, a depletion
of the aqueous O2-NAFCs occurred over time with a corresponding increase
in the levels of the aqueous O3-NAFCs in saline waters. These findings
on temporal changes in concentration and molecular level distributions
of NAFCs may have implications for the clean-up and remediation of
saline OSPW.