Sample Holder for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements and Density Fluctuation of Supercritical Xenon

Tanaka, Yoshitada; Takahashi, Yoshihiro; Morita, Takeshi; Nishikawa, Keiko

doi:10.1143/jjap.47.334

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…52 Nishikawa recently examined supercritical xenon density fluctuations with a new variablepath-length sample holder for SAXS measurements of samples with large mass absorption coefficients. 53 Formisano studied two-and three-body long-range forces in xenon by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). 54 NMR can provide a rough estimate of reverse micelle diameter on the order of 10 nm in supercritical xenon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yonker studied the fluid structure of pure supercritical xenon by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and obtained detailed information about correlation lengths and density fluctuations . Nishikawa recently examined supercritical xenon density fluctuations with a new variable-path-length sample holder for SAXS measurements of samples with large mass absorption coefficients . Formisano studied two- and three-body long-range forces in xenon by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pyrazine in Supercritical Xenon: Local Number Density Defined by Experiment and Calculation

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toward our goal of using supercritical fluids to study solvent effects in physical and chemical phenomena, we develop a method to spatially define the solvent local number density at the solute in the highly compressible regime of a supercritical fluid. Experimentally, the red shift of the pyrazine n-pi* electronic transition was measured at high dilution in supercritical xenon as a function of pressure from 0 to approximately 24 MPa at two temperatures: one (293.2 K) close to the critical temperature and the other (333.2 K) remote. Computationally, several representative stationary points were located on the potential surfaces for pyrazine and 1, 2, 3, and 4 xenons at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p)/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level. The vertical n-pi* ((1)B(3u)) transition energies were computed for these geometries using a TDDFT/B3LYP/DGDZVP method. The combination of experiment and quantum chemical computation allows prediction of supercritical xenon bulk densities at which the pyrazine primary solvation shell contains an average of 1, 2, 3, and 4 xenon molecules. These density predictions were achieved by graphical superposition of calculated shifts on the experimental shift versus density curves for 293.2 and 333.2 K. Predicted bulk densities are 0.50, 0.91, 1.85, and 2.50 g cm(-3) for average pyrazine primary solvation shell occupancy by 1, 2, 3, and 4 xenons at 293.2 K. Predicted bulk densities are 0.65, 1.20, 1.85, and 2.50 g cm(-3) for average pyrazine primary solvation shell occupancy by 1, 2, 3, and 4 xenons at 333.2 K. These predictions were evaluated with classical Lennard-Jones molecular dynamics simulations designed to replicate experimental conditions at the two temperatures. The average xenon number within 5.0 A of the pyrazine center-of-mass at the predicted densities is 1.3, 2.1, 3.0, and 4.0 at both simulation temperatures. Our three-component method-absorbance measurement, quantum chemical prediction, and evaluation of prediction with classical molecular dynamics simulation-therefore has a high degree of internal consistency for a system in which the intermolecular interactions are dominated by dispersion forces.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrazine in Supercritical Xenon: Local Number Density Defined by Experiment and Calculation

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the use of 17 keV x-rays could help reduce radiation damage to biological samples by decreasing x-ray absorption relative to 8 keV. The windows consist of circular plates mounted on supports with a circular aperture of 2.5 mm, allowing a scattering angle of up to 21 . The calculated window failure pressure is 1235 Mpa (12.35 Kbar), significantly higher than the designed cell operation pressure of 500 MPa (5 Kbar).…”

Section: Saxs High-pressure Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been fully integrated with the I22 beam line control systems and is available to users for high-pressure experiments. Diamond window SAXS high-pressure cells are also available at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) G1 station, USA [20]; the BL-15A station at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan [21], and some other facilities.…”

Section: Saxs High-pressure Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Environment

Melnichenko¹

2016

Small-Angle Scattering From Confined and Interfacial Fluids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sample environment is the collective name given to the pieces of equipment that hold or contain the sample and allow the variation of external parameters, such as pressure, temperature, magnetic field, shear rate, etc. This chapter considers different types of sample cells and containers used for the structural studies of porous materials at ambient conditions as well as for investigation of the fluid adsorption in pores at ambient and elevated pressure and temperature. Particular attention is given to description of the design and operation principles of high-pressure cells used for the SAS studies of the confined supercritical fluids and gases under pressure using different types of radiation (neutrons and x-rays).

show abstract

“…Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) or small angle neutron scattering were often used in the literature to study supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, trifluoromethane or inert gases [4][5][6] and supercritical heavy water. 7,8 Morita et al worked on supercritical water 9, 10 (P C = 22.06 MPa, T C = 647.1 K, and critical density ρ C = 0.322 g/ml) and aqueous solutions (a mixture of water and methanol 11 ) studied by SAXS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of monovalent ions on density fluctuations in hydrothermal aqueous solutions by small angle X-ray scattering

Cadoux

Hazemann

Testemale

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering measurements on water and alkaline bromine aqueous solutions (XBr, with X = Li, Rb, or Cs) were carried out from ambient to supercritical conditions. The temperature was increased from 300 to 750 K along several isobars between 24 and 35 MPa. The correlation length and the structure factor were extracted from the data following the Ornstein-Zernike formalism. We obtained experimental evidence of the shift of the critical point and isochore and their dependence on the ions concentration (0.33 mol/kg and 1.0 mol/kg). We also observed that the size of the density fluctuations and the structure factor increase with the presence of the ions and that this effect is positively correlated with the atomic number of the cation. These behaviors were compared with ZnBr(2) and NaCl systems from the literature.

show abstract

Sample Holder for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements and Density Fluctuation of Supercritical Xenon

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Pyrazine in Supercritical Xenon: Local Number Density Defined by Experiment and Calculation

Pyrazine in Supercritical Xenon: Local Number Density Defined by Experiment and Calculation

Sample Environment

Influence of monovalent ions on density fluctuations in hydrothermal aqueous solutions by small angle X-ray scattering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About