Sample-extraction methods for ion-mobility spectrometry in water analysis

Holopainen, Sanna; Nousiainen, Marjaana; Sillanpää, Mika; Anttalainen, Osmo

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.014

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A variety of sample‐introduction systems (SISs) are used for introduction of gas, liquid, and solid samples into an IMS instrument . SISs affect detection limit and sensitivity of IMS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Smear Matrix Type on Detection Efficiencies of Explosives in Corona Discharge‐Ion Mobility Spectrometer

Choi

Son

Shin³

et al. 2016

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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Explosives containing nitro groups are nitroaromatic compounds, nitrate esters, and nitroamines.1 Dinitrotoluenes, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) belong to the nitroaromatic compounds. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a representative nitrate ester compound and the nitroamine explosives include 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine.Mass spectrometry is a good analytical technique for detection of explosives. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) are generally used for analysis of explosives.2-7 Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is a popular ionization source for analysis of explosives using LC/MS. In the previous work, 7 detection limit of PETN in APCI-MS was analyzed. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been widely used to detect explosives, [8][9][10][11][12] because it has high sensitivity and highspeed data acquisition. The time required to acquire a single IMS spectrum is several tens of milliseconds and the working principle of IMS is based on the drift of ions at ambient pressure under the influence of an external electric field. 13-19A typical IMS is comprised of a sampling region, an ionization source, an ion/molecule injection shutter, an ion drift tube, and an ion detector. An ion swarm drifting under the electric field experiences a separation process based on the different masses and structures. The ion mobility spectrum contains information on the nature of the different trace compounds present in the sample gas. Popular ionization sources used in IMS are 63 Ni ionization (β-ionization) and corona discharge ionization. The corona discharge ionization source is relatively new ionization method. 20 The 63 Ni ionization source has low electron energy and its applications are restricted to the determination of aromatic and unsaturated compounds. The corona discharge ionization can be used for ionization of a broad range of different classes of chemical compounds. 7,[21][22][23] In IMS, the ion mobility (K, cm 2 /V s) is defined by Eq. (1)where v d is the drift velocity of ion (cm/s), E is the electric field (V/cm), L is the drift distance of ion (cm), and t d is the drift time of ion in the drift region (s). The drift time of ion in IMS is influenced by the pressure and temperature of the drift region. The reduced ion mobility (K 0 ) is the pressure and temperature-corrected mobility. The reduced ion mobility is defined by Eq. (2)

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“…A variety of sample‐introduction systems (SISs) are used for introduction of gas, liquid, and solid samples into an IMS instrument . SISs affect detection limit and sensitivity of IMS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Smear Matrix Type on Detection Efficiencies of Explosives in Corona Discharge‐Ion Mobility Spectrometer

Choi

Son

Shin³

et al. 2016

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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“…soils or wastewater, require additional operations, but the usefulness of on-site soil screening with application of IMS after a solid-phase microextraction has been reported (Rearden and Harrington, 2005). A comprehensive review on different extraction methods, which can be used for water sample extraction prior to analysis by ion mobility spectrometers, was published by Holopainen et al (2012). The greenness of portable ion mobility spectrometers arises from their miniaturization and simplicity, no need for reagent use, any waste generation, low energy use, fast and direct analysis.…”

Section: Portable Ion Mobility Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving your laboratories to the field – Advantages and limitations of the use of field portable instruments in environmental sample analysis

Gałuszka

Migaszewski

Namieśnik

2015

Environmental Research

152

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“…In inorganic analysis, LPME is usually followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (ICP-OES or ICP-MS) [6,7]. Applications of other analytical techniques to LPME extracts are rare, but definitely possible: UV-Vis spectrometry [20], ion-mobility spectrometry [54], X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [55] and attenuated total reflection infrared spectrometry [56].…”

Section: Modes and Variations Of Liquid-phase Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples

Prosen

2014

Molecules

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Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.

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Sample-extraction methods for ion-mobility spectrometry in water analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 68 publications

Influence of Smear Matrix Type on Detection Efficiencies of Explosives in Corona Discharge‐Ion Mobility Spectrometer

Influence of Smear Matrix Type on Detection Efficiencies of Explosives in Corona Discharge‐Ion Mobility Spectrometer

Moving your laboratories to the field – Advantages and limitations of the use of field portable instruments in environmental sample analysis

Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples

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