SAMPLE Dataset Objects Classification Using Deep Learning Algorithms

Abstract

The main topic of the article is automatic target classification of the synthetic aperture radar images based on the dataset composed of measured and synthetic data. The original contribution of the authors is their own topology of the convolutional neural network (CNN) with 1, 2, 3, and 4 tiers. The original convolutional neural network is used to classify radar images from the Synthetic And Measured Paired and Labeled Experiment (SAMPLE) dataset which consists of SAR imagery from publicly available datasets and well-matched synthetic data. The presented topologies of the CNN with 1, 2, 3, and 4 tiers were analyzed in 3 different scenarios: trained on the basis of real measured data and tested by synthetic data, trained on the basis of synthetic data, and tested by real measured data, and in the last case training and testing sets were formed by combining real measured and synthetic data. Based on the results of testing we could not use the proposed convolutional neural network trained with real measured data to classify synthetic radar images and vice versa (the 1 st and the 2 nd scenarios). The only last scenario with a combination of real measured and synthetic data in the training, validation, and testing data sets generates excellent results. The authors also present some confusion matrixes, which can explain the reasons for the misclassification of radar images of military equipment. Comparing achieved results with another SAMPLE dataset classification results we can prove the usability of proposed and tested CNN structures for automatic target classification of the synthetic aperture radar images. The classification accuracy of the original convolutional network is 96.1%, which is better than the results of the other research so far.

Transfer Learning based Location-Aided Modulation Classification in Indoor Environments for Cognitive Radio Applications

“…The DL-based technique handles an enormous amount of data urged a need for automation in 5G and beyond cellular networks. The DL models, such as Convolution Neural Network (CNN) [14], Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) [15], Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Network [16], Residual Network (ResNet) [17], Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Deep Neural Network (CLDNN) [18], and ResNet+LSTM [19] have been developed to improve the AMC algorithms. In [20], the authors have compared the different types of input data formats for the modulation classification process and concluded that the I/Q format gives the best classification accuracy.…”