TUDIES on the inheritance of nonspecific esterase forms of the house mouse ( M u s musculus) have recently been reported from the serum (POPP and POPP 1962; PETRAS 1963), kidney ( RUDDLE and RODERICK 1965), and erythrocytes (PELZER 1965). A brief report (SHAW 1964) indicated inheritable esterase differences in kidney homogenates of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and two rare genetically determined variants of an acetylesterase have been dcscribed from human red blood cells (TASHIAN and SHAW 1962; TASHIAN 1965). This paper presents the results of a study of the inheritance of certain erythrocyte esterases in the woodland deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis (Le Conte) . A preliminary report has been published ( RANDERSON 1964). MATERIALS A N D METHODS Mice were obtained from three sources: (1) A feral population sample trapped by D. I. RAS-MUSSEN in the Huron Mountains area of Northern Michigan, June, 1961; (2) A laboratory pqmlation descended from mice trapped in Alger County, Michigan, by W. FRANK BLAIR in 1940 and VAN T. HARRIS in 1947; (3) Offspring from the above two sources. Blood samples were obtainzd from the mice after they had reached the age of 24 days. Although previous reports (SHREFFLER 1960; POPP and POPP 1962; PETRAS 1963) indicate that