Same or Not the Same? Comparison of Adipose Tissue-Derived Versus Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells with multilineage differentiation potential, the ability to modulate oxidative stress, and secrete various cytokines and growth factors that can have immunomodulatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Recent data indicate that these paracrine factors may play a key role in MSC-mediated effects in modulating various acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSCs are found in virtually all organs of the body. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were discovered first, and the bone marrow was considered the main source of MSCs for clinical application. Subsequently, MSCs have been isolated from various other sources with the adipose tissue, serving as one of the alternatives to bone marrow. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) can be more easily isolated; this approach is safer, and also, considerably larger amounts of ASCs can be obtained compared with the bone marrow. ASCs and BM-MSCs share many biological characteristics; however, there are some differences in their immunophenotype, differentiation potential, transcriptome, proteome, and immunomodulatory activity. Some of these differences may represent specific features of BM-MSCs and ASCs, while others are suggestive of the inherent heterogeneity of both BM-MSC and ASC populations. Still other differences may simply be related to different isolation and culture protocols. Most importantly, despite the minor differences between these MSC populations, ASCs seem to be as effective as BM-MSCs in clinical application, and, in some cases, may be better suited than BM-MSCs. In this review, we will examine in detail the ontology, biology, preclinical, and clinical application of BM-MSCs versus ASCs.

Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Phenotypically Superior for Regeneration in the Setting of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

“…This finding is consistent with those of numerous studies corroborating this phenomenon in in vitro and animal studies [1,5,6,8,33]. Strioga et al [33] reported that this may be attributable to fewer in vivo cell division events for aMSCs, resulting in longer telomere lengths and greater reserve capacity. aMSCs seem to be buffered from physiologic insult as residents of a quiescent tissue, whereas bmMSCs are subject to a dynamic environment constantly adapting to homeostatic derangements.…”

The secretome of MUSE cells contains factors that may play a role in regulation of stemness, apoptosis and immunomodulation

“…To carry out a comprehensive comparative analysis, we selected whole MSC populations from bone marrow and adipose tissue (bmMSCs and aMSCs, respectively), which share several biological features but also demonstrate peculiarities in their differentiation potential, transcriptome, proteome, and immunomodulation function. 20 …”

Preliminary Clinical Results With Lipoaspirate Stromal Vascular Cell Fraction in Treatment of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

“…Так, количество МСК, которые можно выделить из жировой ткани, в 100-1000 раз пре-вышает их количество, содержащееся в эквива-лентном объеме костного мозга [2]. Кроме того, выделенные из жировой ткани МСК генетически более стабильны в течение длительного срока культивирования, отличаются более низким ко-эффициентом старения и высокой пролифера-тивной активностью [3,31]. Жировая ткань может быть легко получена при проведении стандартной процедуры липосакции под местной анестезией, а методы липотрансфера широко используются в современной пластической хирургии.…”

“…Жировая ткань может быть легко получена при проведении стандартной процедуры липосакции под местной анестезией, а методы липотрансфера широко используются в современной пластической хирургии. Кроме того, стромально-васкулярная фракция (СВФ) липо-аспирата является богатым источником не толь-ко МСК, но и других типов клеток, участвующих в регенерации тканей, например, предшествен-ников эндотелиальных клеток, преадипоци-тов, фибробластов, тучных клеток, макрофагов, Т-и В-лимфоцитов [13,31]. Клетки СВФ оказыва-ют противовоспалительный и иммуномодулирую-щий эффекты; кроме того, содержащиеся в СВФ МСК способны дифференцироваться в клетки со-единительной ткани, включая хрящи, сухожилия и связки [32].…”