Salvage Immunotherapy of Malignant Glioma

Therapy of recurrent high grade gliomas with surgery, and autologous mitogen activated IL-2 stimulated killer (MAK) Lymphocytes: I. Enhancement of MAK lytic activity and cytokine production by PHA and clinical use of PHA

“…Jacobs et al [20], Merchant et al [21], Yoshida et al [22], and Barba et al [36] employed PBL stimulated in vitro with only IL-2 for 3-5 days to generate LAK cells. Ingram et al [19,37] employed PBL stimulated with PHA and IL-2 for 10 days in vitro to generate the effectors (mainly T cells). Two of these studies reported improvement more than would be expected from surgery alone [19,22,37].…”

“…Ingram et al [19,37] employed PBL stimulated with PHA and IL-2 for 10 days in vitro to generate the effectors (mainly T cells). Two of these studies reported improvement more than would be expected from surgery alone [19,22,37].…”

“…vious phase I or I/II studies have treated patients with recurrent high grade gliomas with activated peripheral bloodlymphocytes [18][19][20][21][22]. Two of these studies have reported improvement in survival more than would be expected from surgery alone [19, 221 . This phase I/II study reports the results of treating high grade glioma patients with surgery, and activated lymphocytes that are stimulated in vivo with IL-2 alone or IL-2 combined with phytohemagglutinin (PHA).…”

“…Approximately 10 9 cells were collected from leukapheresis of 1-2.5 liters of blood. These cells were stimulated for 48 hours with PHA and cultured in IL-2 (RO-23-6019) for approximately 10 days, as described initially by Ingram et al [19] and further characterized by Yamamoto et al [4]. A second leukapheresis was done 3-4 days before surgery to obtain 109 cells.…”

Inmunoterapia en astrocitomas de alto grado: principios y estado actual

“…Con objeto de mejorar la respuesta linfocitaria y, con ello, aumentar la eficacia tumoricida de los linfocitos, se han investigado diferentes estrategias experimentales. Por un lado, se aprovechó la capacidad de ciertas lectinas como la fitohemaglutinina o la concanavalina A de estimular la proliferación y activación de los linfocitos T para tratar de generar las denominadas células MAK (Mitogenic Activated Killer Cells) o ASL (Autologous Stimulated Lymphocytes) 40 . A pesar de unos resultados esperanzadores en el laboratorio, la eficacia en ensayos clínicos no ha respondido a las expectativas y la supervivencia obtenida ha sido similar a los controles históricos 42 .…”