Purpose-Success rates of ureteral reimplantation for primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are high. Few studies document the natural history of children with persistent VUR. We reviewed their clinical outcomes and long-term resolution.Materials and Methods-We performed a retrospective review of all children with persistent VUR (grade≥1) into the reimplanted ureter(s) on initial cystogram after reimplantation for primary VUR at our institution from January 1990 -December 2002. We evaluated subsequent cystograms (graded on the 3-point radionuclide cystogram scale), surgery, and urinary tract infection (UTI). We performed survival analyses of time to resolution of persistent (grade≥1) and clinically significant (grade≥2) VUR in patients with >1 postoperative cystogram.