Salting Effect on the Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for the Partially Miscible Systems of <i>n</i>-Propanol−Water and <i>i</i>-Propanol−Water

Chou, Tzu-Jen; Tanioka, Akihiko; Tseng, Hsieng-Cheng

doi:10.1021/ie9707578

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The SOM acts as a separate material with very limited synergistic behavior with AS, namely with respect to the small decreases in the DRH and the ERH. These results are consistent with a model of phase separation between the organic and inorganic materials within a single particle, both in the presence and absence of water (Chou et al 1998;Marcolli and Krieger 2006;Ciobanu et al 2009). With respect to the arguments in favor of a biphasic particle, the weak effect of SOM on the ERH of water-containing particles is especially noteworthy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Secondary Organic Material Produced by the Dark Ozonolysis of α-Pinene Minimally Affects the Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate

Smith

Kuwata

Martin

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

101

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The hygroscopic phase transitions and growth factors of mixed particles having as components ammonium sulfate and secondary organic material (SOM) were measured. The SOM was generated by the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene, and organic particle mass concentrations of 1.63 and 12.2 µg m −3 were studied. The hygroscopic properties were investigated using a 1×3 tandem differential mobility analyzer (1×3-TDMA). The 1×3-TDMA takes advantage of the hysteresis between solid-to-aqueous and aqueousto-solid phase transitions to determine the efflorescence and deliquescence relative humidities (ERH and DRH, respectively) of materials. Overall, the influence of the SOM produced by the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene on the ERH and DRH of ammonium sulfate was small, shifting for example the DRH from 80% for pure ammonium sulfate to 77% for organic volume fractions of 0.96. The ERH likewise shifted by only a small amount across this composition range, specifically from 31 to 29%. The SOM produced at the lower organic particle mass concentrations shifted ERH and DRH even less, indicating an influence of SOM chemical composition on phase transitions. The hygroscopic growth factors of the mixed particles were adequately modeled across the range of studied RH (50 to 83%) using volume-averaged growth factors of the pure materials. The results for ERH, DRH, and the growth factors were all consistent with a model of phase separation between the inorganic and organic phases in individual particles, at least for the studied RH values (<83%) and for SOM prepared by α-pinene ozonolysis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Secondary Organic Material Produced by the Dark Ozonolysis of α-Pinene Minimally Affects the Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate

Smith

Kuwata

Martin

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

101

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“…41 Liquid-liquid equilibria measurements showed that the ternary mixtures NaCl/ n-propanol/water and NaCl/2-propanol/watersboth with OH/ CH n ratios of the alcohols of 1:3sexhibit a miscibility gap whereas the binary systems without the salt are completely miscible. 42,43 This behavior corresponds with the one of the NaCl/1,2-hexanediol/water system where the polyol also exhibits a OH/CH n ratio of 1:3. A reduced aqueous solubility of AS in the presence of the alcohol and a miscibility gap has also been observed for the system AS/2-propanol/water.…”

Section: Solubilities and Deliquescence Relative Humidities Ofmentioning

confidence: 55%

Phase Changes during Hygroscopic Cycles of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Model Systems of Tropospheric Aerosols

2006

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A correct description of the aerosol's phases is required to determine its gas/particle partitioning, its reactivity and its water uptake and release. In this study, we investigate organic/electrolyte interactions of ammonium sulfate, nitrate and sodium chloride with substances containing carboxylic acids (COOH) and hydroxyl (OH) functional groups. As organic model compounds, we chose polyols with different OH/CHn (n = 0-3) ratios-namely, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,2-hexanediol-as well as PEG 400 and a mixture of dicarboxylic acids consisting of malic, malonic, maleic, glutaric, and methylsuccinic acid. Bulk solubility and water activity measurements of these model systems together with a survey of literature data showed that NaCl is a salting-out agent for alcohols and organic acids whereas ammonium nitrate and sulfate exhibited salting-in and salting-out tendencies depending on the nature and number of functional groups as well as on the concentration of the solution. All investigated salts induce a liquid-liquid phase separation in the 1,2-hexanediol/water system. Considering the composition of the tropospheric aerosol, such phase separations might indeed occur frequently when particles in the atmosphere are exposed to varying relative humidity. To complement the bulk experiments, we investigated single particles consisting of ammonium sulfate and dicarboxylic acids as well as of ammonium sulfate and PEG 400 in an electrodynamic balance. Whereas the relative humidities of total deliquescence as well as the water uptake and release of the fully deliquesced particles are in good agreement with the bulk results and represent thermodynamic equilibrium, the water uptake before full deliquescence shows significant deviations. These deviations may be caused by morphological effects.

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“…Up to now, various researchers were carrying out the study of ATPS by using a phase diagram in which they used some models and equations to correlate the binodal and tie line in liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In recent years, several researchers focused on the measurement and investigation of thermodynamics of ATPSs composed of an aqueous solution of a short chain aliphatic alcohol in the presence of an electrolyte [10,11,[17][18][19][20][21]. However, the detailed study of molecular interactions responsible for phase separation is not reported in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric and compressibility studies and phase equilibria of aqueous biphasic systems of alcohols using phase diagram

et al. 2019

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The solubility data of Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O in various concentrations of water and ethanol/1-propanol/2-propanol/2-methyl-2-propanol have been obtained to plot triangular phase diagrams and to determine the liquid-liquid-solid equilibria at 298.15 K. The density and sound velocity measurements were carried out for binary systems (water-salt, water-ethanol/1propanol/2-propanol/2-methyl-2-propanol) and ternary systems (water-ethanol/1-propanol/2-propanol/2-methyl-2-propanol-Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) to investigate volumetric and compressibility properties. The obtained data was used to determine the acoustic parameters including adiabatic compressibility (β s ), excess molar volume (V E ), intermolecular free length (L f ), specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (R A ), solvation number (S n ) of water-alcohols, water-salt and water-alcohol-salt at 298.15 ± 0.05 K to evaluate equilibrium effects. Based on which, the salting-out of studied alcohols and phase forming ability of Na 2 S 2 O 3 through its bond making and breaking properties, intermolecular interactions were reported. The density, sound velocity and adiabatic compressibility of ternary system suggest phase separation phenomenon is bond breaking and bond making process with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The phase formation ability of systems composed of different alcohols is in order of 2-methyl-2-propanol > 1-propanol > 2-propanol > ethanol.

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Salting Effect on the Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for the Partially Miscible Systems of n-Propanol−Water and i-Propanol−Water

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Secondary Organic Material Produced by the Dark Ozonolysis of α-Pinene Minimally Affects the Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate

Secondary Organic Material Produced by the Dark Ozonolysis of α-Pinene Minimally Affects the Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate

Phase Changes during Hygroscopic Cycles of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Model Systems of Tropospheric Aerosols

Volumetric and compressibility studies and phase equilibria of aqueous biphasic systems of alcohols using phase diagram

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