Salt-Tolerant Phenomena, Sequencing and Characterization of a Glyoxalase I (Jojo-Gly I) Gene from Jojoba in Comparison with Other Glyoxalase I Genes

Abstract

Plant response to salt stress and the mechanism of salt tolerance have received major focus by plant biology researchers. Biotic stresses cause extensive losses in agricultural production globally, but abiotic stress causes significant increase in the methylglyoxal (MG) level of GlyoxalaseI (Gly I). Identification of salt-tolerant genes when characterizing their phenotypes will help to identify novel genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the DNA coding region for glyoxalase I. This method is specific, requiring only genomic DNA and two pairs of PCR primers, and involving two successive PCR reactions. This method was used rapidly and easily identified glyoxalase I sequences as salt-tolerant genes from Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider). In the present study, the glyoxalase I gene was isolated, amplified by PCR using gene-specific primers and sequenced from the jojoba plant, then compared with other glyoxalase I sequences in other plants and glyoxalase I genes like in Brassica napus, ID: KT720495.1; Brassica juncea ID: Y13239.1, Arachis hypogaea; ID: DQ989209.2; and Arabidopsis thaliana L, ID: AAL84986. The structural gene of glyoxalase I, when sequenced and analyzed, revealed that the uninterrupted open reading frame (ORF) of jojoba Gly I (Jojo-Gly I) spans 775 bp, corresponding to 185 amino acid residues, and shares 45.2% amino acid sequence identity to jojoba (Jojo-Gly I). The cloned ORF, in a multicopy constitutive expression plasmid, complemented the Jojo-Gly I, confirming that the encoded Jojo-Gly I in jojoba showed some homology with other known glyoxalase I sequences of plants.

Selection of Salt-Tolerant Jojoba (Simmondisa chinensis L.) Cultivars via In Vitro Culture

“…In addition, the highest number of shoots and leaves and plantlet fresh weight was also noted in plantlets grown in the 2000 ppm multiple-shoot induction media. These observations were consistent with numerous previous reports [24][25][26][27]. Repeated subculturing in the fresh multiple-shoot induction media with the same salinity was expected to improve all multiplication and growth parameters, as shown by the data presented in Table 2B.…”

“…Fayek et al [25] have reported that jojoba plantlets grown at 2000 ppm salinity have the highest average shoot length. Similarly, Mohasseb et al [26] also documented that moderate salinity indeed enhances the shoot length of jojoba plantlets. In fact, in the present study, plantlets that were cultured onto 2000 ppm multiple shoot induction media produced the longest shoots among all salinity treatments (Table 2A).…”

Ketogenic and Modified Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Counteract Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Nutritional Suggestions

“…Obesity, overweight, and insulin resistance are interrelated components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Indeed, in a recent study on MS the onset of MetS was observed in 22% of patients and insulin resistance in 46% with a higher incidence in comparison with healthy controls [60,61]. Although the association between MetS or insulin resistance and degree of disability has not been unequivocally demonstrated, it has been observed that insulin resistance can exacerbate MSrelated conditions as well as neurocognitive dysfunction and inflammatory and immune responses [62].…”

Discovery of the human homolog of sex-determining region (SRY) gene in dioecious plants

“…SRY gene-walking strategy and PCR conditions were adjusted based on our previously reported protocol on papaya and protocols mentioned in other studies ( Solliman et al, 2019 , Mohasseb et al, 2020 , Dominguez and Lopez-Larrea, 1994 ). Mastermix containing DreamTaq DNA Polymerase (Thermo Scientific) was prepared by following the instructions of the manufacturer.…”