Salt tolerance of corn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California

Hoffman, G. J.; Maas, E. V.; Prichard, Terry; Meyer, J. L.

doi:10.1007/bf00285555

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example, Andriolo et al (2005) observed a positive effect of low EC on shoot fresh mass of lettuce, which increased 28.5% from 0.8 to 1.9 dS m À1 , and then decreased 16.5% from 1.9 to 4.7 dS m À1 . The positive effect of low salinity on shoots of several plants has been reported by many other authors (Brown and Berstein, 1953, Feinerman et al, 1982, Hoffman et al, 1983. The cause is not known but could be related to mineral nutrition.…”

Section: Effects Of Irrigation Water Salinity On Vegetative Growthmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of salinity on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth and evapotranspiration

Ünlükara

Kurunç

Kesmez

et al. 2008

Irrigation and Drainage

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The effects of irrigation water salinity on eggplant growth, yield, water consumption and mineral matter accumulation in leaves and fruits were investigated with a greenhouse experiment. For this purpose, five saline irrigation waters with electrical conductivities of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, 7.0 dS m À1 and tap water as a control treatment were utilized. Throughout the experiment, the amounts of irrigation water to be applied were determined based on the weight changes of each pot. After irrigation the amount of drainage water volume was measured in drain pans placed underneath each pot. We calculated the plant water consumption from the water budget information. Threshold soil salinity and slope values of the yield response to soil salinity level were determined as <1.5 dS m À1 and 4.4 respectively for fruit yield and 6.7 dS m À1 and 3.7 for the vegetative dry weight. The fruit yield results revealed that eggplant was moderately sensitive to salinity. Plant water consumption and water use efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. The crop yield coefficient (K y ) was 2. RÉ SUMÉLes effets de la salinité de l'eau d'irrigation sur la croissance de l'aubergine, le rendement, la consommation d'eau et l'accumulation de matières minérales dans les feuilles et les fruits ont été étudiés dans une expérience sous serre. À cette fin, cinq niveaux de salinité ont été utilisés avec une conductivité électrique de 1,5, 2,5, 3,5, 5,0, 7,0 dS m À1 et l'eau du robinet comme traitement de contrôle. Tout au long de l'expérience, la quantité d'eau d'irrigation à appliquer a été déterminée en fonction de la modification du poids de chaque pot. Après chaque irrigation le volume de drainage a été mesuré dans des récipients placés sous chaque pot. Nous avons calculé la consommation d'eau de la plante à partir du bilan hydrique. Le seuil de la salinité du sol et la pente de la courbe de réponse du rendement au niveau de salinité ont été déterminés comme étant <1,5 dS m À1 et 4,4 respectivement pour le rendement en fruit et 6,7 dS m À1 et 3,7 pour le poids de matière sèche. Le résultat sur le rendement en fruits montre que l'aubergine est modérément sensible à la salinité. La consommation d'eau des plantes et l'efficacité de l'utilisation de l'eau ont IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE

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Section: Effects Of Irrigation Water Salinity On Vegetative Growthmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of salinity on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth and evapotranspiration

Ünlükara

Kurunç

Kesmez

et al. 2008

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…Germination and early growth may have been affected by salt as opposed to NH 4 –N toxicity. The NH 4 –N concentrations and amounts applied PP at Site D were comparable to LSM applied at other sites, whereas the LSM had highest conductivity (Tables 2, 3), nearly 10‐fold the salt tolerance threshold level for corn of 0.37 S m −1 in soil water (Hoffman et al, 1983). The SSD applicator likely mixed the material into a greater volume of soil, reducing osmotic potential around the emerging seedling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Zonejection: Conservation Tillage Manure Nutrient Delivery System

et al. 2009

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Manure application in minimum till (MT) systems is a challenge worthy of attention because residue cover is a keystone for environmental protection. To develop a system combining zone tillage and manure application into one operation (zonejection), two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, liquid swine manure (LSM) was applied in fall or spring for two site years (A, B). In Exp. 2, LSM was zone-applied either all preplant (PP) or split between preplant and sidedress (SP) for three site years (C, D, E). In both experiments, dietrich (DMI), vibro shank (VS), or subsurface deposition (SSD) applied the LSM, corn (Zea mays L.) was seeded in the manured zone, and NO 3 -N movement was monitored. Nutrients were supplied by inorganic fertilizer (IF) in control treatments under conventional till (CT), no till (NT), and zone till (ZT). With fall-applied LSM, aft er a mild winter, more N was lost from the soil-plant system (i.e., 35 kg ha −1 soil NO 3 -N) than aft er a cold winter with snow cover (18 kg ha −1 ), and corn grain yield was reduced (by 1.2 Mg ha −1 ), even though supplemental fertilizer N was sidedressed. In Exp. 2, with LSM zoned all PP or SP, grain yield and N use effi ciency were comparable to that with IF, except when double the crop N requirement was zoned all PP (Site D). Planting into a zone of concentrated LSM (3.4 S m −1 ) reduced grain yield when the LSM was injected by VS. With careful management, zonejection allows effi cient utilization of manure nutrients while preserving residue cover.

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“…4 and 6, the only remaining parameter is then the electrical conductivity of the medium,  Natural aqueous environments exhibit a rather wide range of electrical conductivities. For rainwater, the values of  range from 0.02 mS/cm (approximately double of the value for pure water) to 0.15 mS/cm (143,144); for river water, typical values are in the range from 0.1 mS/cm to 0.5 mS/cm (145,146); for lake water, they range from as low as 0.1 S/m for the lakes with the highest water throughput, up to 160 mS/cm for the most hypersaline of the salt lakes (147); for sea water, they are typically in the range from 20 to 60 mS/cm (148,149). Since both the induced electric field and the temperature increase are inversely proportional to , the radii of the regions of reversible poration, irreversible poration, and thermal damage (see Fig.…”

Section: T J R T R  mentioning

confidence: 96%

Lightning-triggered electroporation and electrofusion as possible contributors to natural horizontal gene transfer

Kotnik

2013

Physics of Life Reviews

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Phylogenetic studies show that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a significant contributor to genetic variability of prokaryotes, and was perhaps even more abundant during the early evolution. Hitherto, research of natural HGT has mainly focused on three mechanisms of DNA transfer: conjugation, natural competence, and viral transduction. This paper discusses the feasibility of a fourth such mechanism--cell electroporation and/or electrofusion triggered by atmospheric electrostatic discharges (lightnings). A description of electroporation as a phenomenon is followed by a review of experimental evidence that electroporation of prokaryotes in aqueous environments can result in release of non-denatured DNA, as well as uptake of DNA from the surroundings and transformation. Similarly, a description of electrofusion is followed by a review of experiments showing that prokaryotes devoid of cell wall can electrofuse into hybrids expressing the genes of their both precursors. Under sufficiently fine-tuned conditions, electroporation and electrofusion are efficient tools for artificial transformation and hybridization, respectively, but the quantitative analysis developed here shows that conditions for electroporation-based DNA release, DNA uptake and transformation, as well as for electrofusion are also present in many natural aqueous environments exposed to lightnings. Electroporation is thus a plausible contributor to natural HGT among prokaryotes, and could have been particularly important during the early evolution, when the other mechanisms might have been scarcer or nonexistent. In modern prokaryotes, natural absence of the cell wall is rare, but it is reasonable to assume that the wall has formed during a certain stage of evolution, and at least prior to this, electrofusion could also have contributed to natural HGT. The concluding section outlines several guidelines for assessment of the feasibility of lightning-triggered HGT.

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Salt tolerance of corn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of salinity on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth and evapotranspiration

Effects of salinity on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth and evapotranspiration

Zonejection: Conservation Tillage Manure Nutrient Delivery System

Lightning-triggered electroporation and electrofusion as possible contributors to natural horizontal gene transfer

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