Salt tectonics off northern Israel

Gradmann, Sofie; Hübscher, Christian; Ben‐Avraham, Zvi; Gajewski, Dirk; Netzeband, Gesa

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2005.02.001

Cited by 85 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the Miocene, the socalled 'Messinian Salinity Crisis' was initiated by the disconnection of the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. This was caused by a combination of tectonic uplift and sea level changes (Hsü et al, 1973(Hsü et al, , 1978 and led to a drop of sea level, a rise in salt concentration and finally to precipitation (e.g., Gradmann et al, 2005). The evaporite layer deposited during that time in the Levantine Basin is up to 2km thick.…”

Section: Geological and Geophysical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On both images the top (Mreflection) and the base (N-reflection) of the salt layer are clearly visible. The M-reflection exhibits a rough surface owing to salt movement and compression (Gradmann et al, 2005), but the N-reflection which represents the Pre-Messinian sea floor is smooth. On line HH02-07, which corresponds to line P1, the sediment thickness of roughly 1km is almost constant in the basin.…”

Section: Seismic Reflection Data-processing and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Levantine Basin—crustal structure and origin

et al. 2006

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The origin of the Levantine Basin in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea is related to the opening of the Neo-Tethys. The nature of its crust has been debated for decades. Therefore, we conducted a geophysical experiment in the Levantine Basin. We recorded two refraction seismic lines with 19 and 20 ocean bottom hydrophones, respectively, and developed velocity models. Additional seismic reflection data yield structural information about the upper layers in the first few kilometers. The crystalline basement in the Levantine Basin consists of two layers with a P-wave velocity of 6.0-6.4km/s in the upper and 6.5-6.9 km/s in the lower crust. Towards the center of the basin, the Moho depth decreases from 27 to 22km. Local variations of the velocity gradient can be attributed to previously postulated shear zones like the Pelusium Line, the Damietta-Latakia Line and the Baltim-Hecateus Line. Both layers of the crystalline crust are continuous and no indication for a transition from continental to oceanic crust is observed. These results are confirmed by gravity data. Comparison with other seismic refraction studies in prolongation of our profiles under Israel and Jordan and in the Mediterranean Sea near Greece and Sardinia reveal similarities between the crust in the Levantine Basin and thinned continental crust, which is found in that region. The presence of thinned continental crust under the Levantine Basin is therefore suggested. A β-factor of 2.3-3 is estimated. Based on these findings, we conclude that sea-floor spreading in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea only occurred north of the Eratosthenes Seamount, and the oceanic crust was later subducted at the Cyprus Arc.

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Section: Geological and Geophysical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seismic Reflection Data-processing and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Levantine Basin—crustal structure and origin

et al. 2006

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“…Gvirtzman et al [2008] relate most of the activity to the Late Cretaceous (Syrian Arc), but show that additional displacement occurred during the Early Neogene. Gradmann et al [2005] and Netzeband et al [2006] argue that this fault zone is a currently active strike-slip system.…”

Section: Regional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ''cliff'' drops 1.3 s upon a distance of less than 20 km. This lineament has been mapped intensively in the past; it has been named the ''Pelusium line'', and has been related to different geological stress regimes and different periods of activity [Neev et al, 1976[Neev et al, , 1982Gardosh, 2002;Gardosh and Druckman, 2006;Gradmann et al, 2005;Netzeband et al, 2006;Gvirtzman et al, 2008;Schattner and Ben-Avraham, 2007]. The general trend of this steep cliff is NE-SW extending from the Sinai Peninsula until at least the northern edge of the offshore data set.…”

Section: Base Pliocene Twt Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Tertiary faulting along the coastal plain of Israel

Steinberg

Gvirtzman

et al. 2008

Tectonics

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This study documents a 70‐km long and 200–400 m high step at the base of the Pliocene section in the Israeli coastal plain. Depositional explanations for this lineament, such as a buried shelf edge or reef front, are very unlikely; whereas a fault scarp explanation is supported by seismic profiles and geological cross sections. The eastern elevated side of the fault was eroded before its burial, though a quantitive distinction between this erosion, earlier truncations, and original hiatuses, is not possible at this stage. Sediments covering the fault scarp constrain its age to Late Miocene and/or Early Pliocene. The presence of such a fault along the Israeli coastal plain may also shed light on numerous post‐Mid‐Cretaceous faults previously documented along the coastal plain, but never explained. In a wider perspective, the fault described here along with other documented processes indicate that in the Late Tertiary tectonism along the Levant continental margin resumed after a long passive history. This renewed activity is coeval with the Africa‐Arabian breakup and the Red Sea‐ Suez rifting. In particular, the fault described here is coeval with plate reorganization and vertical motions along the Dead Sea transform and possibly along the Cypriot Arc during the Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene.

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Changes in dip and frictional properties of the basal detachment controlling orogenic wedge propagation and frontal collapse: The external central Betics case

et al. 2016

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Thin‐skinned fold‐and‐thrust belts (FTBs) have been extensively studied through both field examples and modeling. The overall dynamics of FTBs are, therefore, well understood. One less understood aspect is the combined influence of across‐strike changes in the detachment properties and the basement topography on the behavior of an orogenic wedge. In this paper, we use field data together with reflection seismic interpretation from the external zones of the central Betics FTB, southern Spain, to identify a significant increase in the wedge basal dip (a basement “threshold”) coinciding with the pinch‐out of a weak substrate. This induced both changes to the wedge geometry and to the basal friction, which in turn influenced the wedge dynamics. The changing dynamics led to a transient “stagnation” of the FTB propagation, topographic buildup, and subsequent collapse of the FTB front. This in turn fed an important Langhian depocenter made up of mass transport deposits. Coevally with the FTB propagation, extension took place both parallel and perpendicular to the orogenic trend. This case study illustrates how across‐strike changes in wedge basal properties can control the detailed behavior of a developing FTB front, but questions remain regarding the time‐space interaction and relative importance of the basal parameters.

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Salt tectonics off northern Israel

Cited by 85 publications

References 48 publications

The Levantine Basin—crustal structure and origin

The Levantine Basin—crustal structure and origin

Late Tertiary faulting along the coastal plain of Israel

Changes in dip and frictional properties of the basal detachment controlling orogenic wedge propagation and frontal collapse: The external central Betics case

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