Salt Stress Induces Differentiated Nitrogen Uptake and Antioxidant Responses in Two Contrasting Barley Landraces from MENA Region

Azaiez, Fatma Ezzahra Ben; Ayadi, Sawsen; Capasso, Giorgia; Landi, Simone; Paradisone, Valeria; Jallouli, Salma; Hammami, Zied; Chamekh, Zoubeir; Zouari, Inés; Trifa, Youssef; Esposito, Sergio

doi:10.3390/agronomy10091426

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, rare information is available about the role of minerals and their dynamics in salt-tolerant plants [21]. Potassium and silicon are elements with positive effects on the plant performance under saline stress [22][23][24][25][26]. Several studies report that both elements are significantly able to improve plant growth and crop productivity, enhance the photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, and increase the antioxidant enzymatic activity and plant tolerance to diseases, under adverse environmental conditions [5,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopotassium, Nanosilicon, and Biochar Applications Improve Potato Salt Tolerance by Modulating Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Biochemical Constituents

et al. 2022

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Salinity is one of the main environmental stresses, and it affects potato growth and productivity in arid and semiarid regions by disturbing physiological process, such as the photosynthesis rate, the absorption of essential nutrients and water, plant hormonal functions, and vital metabolic pathways. Few studies are available on the application of combined nanomaterials to mitigate salinity stress on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Diamont). In order to assess the effects of the sole or combined application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K) nanoparticles and biochar (Bc) on the agro-physiological properties and biochemical constituents of potato plants grown in saline soil, two open-field experiments were executed on a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with five replicates. The results show that the biochar application and nanoelements (n-K and n-Si) significantly improved the plant heights, the fresh and dry plant biomasses, the numbers of stems/plant, the leaf relative water content, the leaf chlorophyll content, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the leaf stomatal conductance (Gc), and the tuber yields, compared to the untreated potato plants (CT). Moreover, the nanoelements and biochar improved the content of the endogenous elements of the plant tissues (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B), the leaf proline, and the leaf gibberellic acid (GA3), in addition to reducing the leaf abscisic acid content (ABA), the activity of catalase (CAT), and the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the leaves of salt-stressed potato plants. The combined treatment achieved maximum plant growth parameters, physiological parameters, and nutrient concentrations, and minimum transpiration rates (Tr), leaf abscisic acid content (ABA), and activities of the leaf antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and PPO). Furthermore, the combined treatment also showed the highest tuber yield and tuber quality, including the contents of carbohydrates, proteins, and the endogenous nutrients of the tuber tissues (N, P, and K), and the lowest starch content. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation showed that the plant growth and the tuber yields of potato plants significantly and positively correlated with the photosynthesis rate, the internal CO2 concentration, the relative water content, the proline, the chlorophyll content, and the GA3, and that they were negatively correlated with the leaf Na content, PPO, CAT, ABA, MDA, and Tr. It might be concluded that nanoelement (n-K and n-Si) and biochar applications are a promising method to enhance the plant growth and crop productivity of potato plants grown under salinity conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopotassium, Nanosilicon, and Biochar Applications Improve Potato Salt Tolerance by Modulating Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Biochemical Constituents

et al. 2022

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“…These results revealed that NaCl stress decreased N assimilation by damaging the enzymes related to N metabolism, which could be one of the main reasons for the growth reduction induced under NaCl stress. The results of the disturbance in N metabolism under NaCl toxicity have already been supported by Ben Azaiez et al [ 47 ]. Shao et al [ 48 ] showed that salt stress downregulated the expression levels of NR , GS , and GOGAT enzymes and, as a result, diminished N metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Melatonin Confers NaCl Tolerance in Withania coagulans L. by Maintaining Na+/K+ Homeostasis, Strengthening the Antioxidant Defense System and Modulating Withanolides Synthesis-Related Genes

Dehvari-Nagan

Abbaspour

Asare

et al. 2023

Russ J Plant Physiol

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As a multifunctional signaling molecule, melatonin (ML) is widely considered to induce the defense mechanism and increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites under abiotic stresses. Here, the effects of different concentrations of ML (100 and 200 µM) on the biochemical and molecular responses of Withania coagulans L. in hydroponic conditions under 200 mM NaCl treatment were evaluated. The results showed that NaCl treatment impaired photosynthetic function and reduced plant growth by decreasing photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters. NaCl stress also induced oxidative stress and membrane lipid damage, disrupting Na + /K + homeostasis and increasing hydrogen peroxide levels. NaCl toxicity decreased nitrogen (N) assimilation activity in leaves by reducing the activity of enzymes associated with N metabolism. However, adding ML to NaCl-stressed plants improved gas exchange parameters and increased photosynthesis efficiency, resulting in improved plant growth. By enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing hydrogen peroxide levels, ML ameliorated NaCl-induced oxidative stress. By improving N metabolism and restoring Na + /K + homeostasis in NaCl-stressed plants, ML improved N uptake and plant adaptation to salinity. ML increased the expression of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of withanolides ( FPPS , SQS , HMGR , DXS , DXR , and CYP51G1 ) and, as a result, increased the accumulation of withanolides A and withaferin A in leaves under NaCl stress. Overall, our results indicate the potential of ML to improve plant adaptation under NaCl stress through fundamental changes in plant metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1021443723600125.

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“…Among major crops, barley is the fourth most cultivated cereal, representing one of the main sources of carbohydrates in developing countries (FAOstat 2019-9), where it represents one of the main resources grown by small farmers in many arid areas [6,[9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild and Traditional Barley Genomic Resources as a Tool for Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Biotic Relations

et al. 2021

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main crops cultivated all over the world. As for other cereals, throughout the centuries barley was subjected by human breeding to genetic erosion phenomena, which guaranteed improved yields in organized (and then mechanized) agriculture; on the other hand, this selection weakened the ability of barley to survive under adverse environments. Currently, it is clear that climate change requires an urgent availability of crop varieties able to grow under stress conditions, namely limited irrigation, salinity, high temperatures, and other stresses. In this context, an important role could be played by wild relatives and landraces selected by farmers, particularly in specific field areas and/or climatic conditions. In this review, we investigated the origin of barley and the potentialities of wild varieties and landraces in different contexts, and their resilience to abiotic stress. The data obtained from Next Generation Sequencing technologies were examined to highlight the critical aspects of barley evolution and the most important features for abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the potential of appropriate mycorrhiza is discussed under the view of the essential role played by these symbioses in field crops. The abilities of specific barley wild varieties and landraces may represent novel opportunities and suggest innovative strategies for the improvement of abiotic tolerance in crops and particularly in barley.

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Salt Stress Induces Differentiated Nitrogen Uptake and Antioxidant Responses in Two Contrasting Barley Landraces from MENA Region

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Nanopotassium, Nanosilicon, and Biochar Applications Improve Potato Salt Tolerance by Modulating Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Biochemical Constituents

Nanopotassium, Nanosilicon, and Biochar Applications Improve Potato Salt Tolerance by Modulating Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Biochemical Constituents

Melatonin Confers NaCl Tolerance in Withania coagulans L. by Maintaining Na+/K+ Homeostasis, Strengthening the Antioxidant Defense System and Modulating Withanolides Synthesis-Related Genes

Wild and Traditional Barley Genomic Resources as a Tool for Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Biotic Relations

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