Salt Spray Distribution and Its Impact on Vegetation Zonation on Coastal Dunes: a Review

Du, Jun; Hesp, Patrick A.

doi:10.1007/s12237-020-00820-2

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…We have previously established that coastal adaptation in the Arabidopsis demes we are studying here is driven primarily by adaptation to elevated soil salinity by assessing the fitness of plants grown in a controlled environment in excavated coastal and inland soil (Busoms et al ., 2015). However, in addition, we were interested in understanding whether the MOT DEL can also confer elevated tolerance to salinity in the form of exposure to NaCl applied as a spray, to simulate salt spray from the sea (Du & Hesp, 2020). We therefore cultivated the same demes from the previous experiments in potting mix soil, and 3 wk after sowing we started five different treatments: Control‐CS (plants irrigated and sprayed with 0 mM of NaCl), Salt‐CS (plants irrigated with 75 mM and sprayed with 0 mM of NaCl), Control‐SS (plants irrigated with 0 mM and sprayed with 150 mM of NaCl), Salt‐SS (plants irrigated with 75 mM and sprayed with 150 mM of NaCl), and High‐Salt‐SS (plants irrigated with 150 mM and sprayed with 150 mM of NaCl).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to coastal soils through pleiotropic boosting of ion and stress hormone concentrations in wild Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2021

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 Local adaptation in coastal areas is driven chiefly by tolerance to salinity stress. To survive high salinity, plants have evolved mechanisms to specifically tolerate sodium. However, the pathways that mediate adaptive changes in these conditions reach well beyond Na + .  Here we perform a high-resolution genetic, ionomic, and functional study of the natural variation in Molybdenum transporter 1 (MOT1) associated with coastal Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. We quantify the fitness benefits of a specific deletion-harbouring allele (MOT1 DEL ) present in coastal habitats that is associated with lower transcript expression and Mo accumulation.  Analysis of the leaf ionome revealed that MOT1 DEL plants accumulate more Cu and less Na + than plants with the non-coastal MOT1 allele, revealing a complex interdependence in homeostasis of these three elements. Our results indicate that under salinity, reduced MOT1 function limits leaf Na + accumulation through ABA signalling. Enhanced ABA biosynthesis requires Cu. This demand is met in Cu deficient coastal soils through MOT1 DEL increasing the expression of SPL7 and the copper transport protein COPT6.  MOT1 DEL is able to deliver a pleiotropic suite of phenotypes that enhance salinity tolerance in coastal soils deficient in Cu. This is achieved by inducing ABA biosynthesis and promoting reduced uptake or better compartmentalization of Na + , leading to coastal adaptation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to coastal soils through pleiotropic boosting of ion and stress hormone concentrations in wild Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2021

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“…By trading off leaf production costs for thicker, more dense leaves, plants can optimize their survivability during drought, investing in leaves that can withstand higher stress and minimize water losses. The observed lower plant height in dry sites may reduce the risk of cavitation under increased water stress (Nunes et al ., 2017), although it’s still possible that closer proximity to the sea (< 2 Km) could also induce lower plant height as a response to winds carrying salt spray (Du and Hesp, 2020). Plants hailing from the dry site also benefit from increased shoot length growth efficiency, probably driven by an earlier start of the vegetative season due to warmer temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic variations along an aridity gradient drive significant trait intraspecific variability in Mediterranean species

Iozia

Crisafulli

Varone

2022

Preprint

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Summer drought represents one of the main stress sources stress for plant communities in the Mediterranean region. Plants can adopt several response strategies to cope with stress, reflected in the adoption of specific Plant Functional Traits (PFTs). Trait-based approaches commonly meet three critical issues: they overlook Intraspecific Variability (ITV), they focus on a large spatial scale, or they focus on single trait responses to stress. In this study, we present evidence for a significant amount of ITV in morphological and anatomical trait syndromes observed between three local populations of Phyllirea latifolia, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus ilex, distributed along an aridity gradient. Thicker, more physiologically expensive leaves and lower heights found in the drier sites mainly conform to drought-resistance strategies. Interestingly, PFTs from Cistus salviifolius were found not to vary between sites. This implies that not all species vary at the same geographical scale, possibly depending on their different successional role. The main implication behind our findings is that climate can easily drive significant ITV in multiple traits among plant populations, even at a local scale, although trait responsiveness might be species-specific. Different plant populations hailing from the same geographical regions might thus respond differently to climate change.

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“…The symptoms of aerial salt injury observable in trees are numerous, with many being similar to those caused by drought and air pollution (Appleton et al., 1999). Seawater salt spray mainly originates from the bursting of bubbles produced when waves break either on the open ocean or more commonly in the surf zone (Du & Hesp, 2020). Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the primary determinant of ocean salinity, and values above 300 μg/cm 2 have been occasionally detected on dune grass shoots located at a distance of 39 m from the shoreline (Cheplick & Demetri, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis of Pinus thunbergii needles: Stomatal penetration by seawater and solutes

Park,

Seo,

Kim

2023

Forest Pathology

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Seawater salt deposition was investigated in the needles of Pinus thunbergii trees growing in the coastal area of Pohang, Korea. Both green asymptomatic and brown necrotized needles were air‐dried and processed for field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis. Seawater salt crystals appeared randomly deposited on the asymptomatic needles. No distinct epicuticular waxes were found in the stomata or on the needle surface. The salt crystals, which varied in size, were observed in the stomatal chambers as well as on the apertures of the Florin rings, and similar crystals were also observed on the necrotized brown needles. Sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) were prevalent on the needles and mostly co‐localized in the crystals. Magnesium was partially co‐localized with Cl, but often co‐occurred with potassium. Depending on the elemental composition of salts, two types of salt deposition were observed on the needles: (i) the coffee‐ring pattern and (ii) the uniform pattern. The apparent NaCl crystal depositions in the stomatal chambers indicated the stomatal penetration by seawater and solutes in the seawater‐sprayed needles of P. thunbergii. These results provide insights into the initial phase of seawater salt‐induced injury occurring through the stomatal pathway in pine species distributed in coastal areas.

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Salt Spray Distribution and Its Impact on Vegetation Zonation on Coastal Dunes: a Review

Cited by 53 publications

References 114 publications

Adaptation to coastal soils through pleiotropic boosting of ion and stress hormone concentrations in wild Arabidopsis thaliana

Adaptation to coastal soils through pleiotropic boosting of ion and stress hormone concentrations in wild Arabidopsis thaliana

Climatic variations along an aridity gradient drive significant trait intraspecific variability in Mediterranean species

Electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis of Pinus thunbergii needles: Stomatal penetration by seawater and solutes

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