Salt Rejection by a Porous Glass

Kraus, Kurt A.; Marcinkowsky, Arthur E.; Johnson, James S.; Shor, A.J.

doi:10.1126/science.151.3707.194

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As noted in Ref. [12], this feature may be the precursor of the negative rejection of electrolytes with multivalent counterions observed in ion rejection experiments with porous glass [37]. Thus, the enhancement of coion densities with increasing surface charge clearly deserves further investigation, and we will reconsider the effect in Section III B 3 in further detail.…”

Section: Asymmetric Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Electrostatic correlations on the ionic selectivity of cylindrical membrane nanopores

Buyukdagli

Ala-Nissilä

2014

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We characterize the role of electrostatic fluctuations on the charge selectivity of cylindrical nanopores confining electrolyte mixtures. To this end, we develop an extended one-loop theory that can account for correlation effects induced by the surface charge, nanoconfinement of the electrolyte, and interfacial polarization charges associated with the low permittivity membrane. We validate the quantitative accuracy of the theory by comparisons with previously obtained Monte-Carlo simulation data from the literature, and scrutinize in detail the underlying forces driving the ionic selectivity of the nanopore. In the biologically relevant case of electrolytes with divalent cations such as CaCl2 in negatively charged nanopores, electrostatic correlations associated with the dense counterion layer in the channel result in an increase of the pore coion density with the surface charge. This peculiarity analogous to the charge inversion phenomenon remains intact for dielectrically inhomogeneous pores, which indicates that the effect should be observable in nanofiltration membranes or DNA-blocked nanopores characterized by a low membrane permittivity. Our results show that a quantitatively accurate consideration of correlation effects is necessary to determine the ionic selectivity of nanopores in the presence of electrolytes with multivalent counterions.

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Section: Asymmetric Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Electrostatic correlations on the ionic selectivity of cylindrical membrane nanopores

Buyukdagli

Ala-Nissilä

2014

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Not the least important evidence in favor of the concept of polarized-multilayered water as the semipermeable barrier is to be found in the history of osmotic studies. The long list of models with semipermeable properties developed over the ages includes dead animal bladder, parchment, gelatin, copper-ferrocyanide gel, Prussian blue, various tannates, and silicates (2,3), to which we now can add porous glass (21) and cellulose-acetate sheet. This list comprises a truly heterogeneous group of substances; all, however, possess water and a matrix containing both positive and negative charges.…”

Section: Historical Evidence In Favor Of the Present Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

What Component of the Living Cell Is Responsible for Its Semipermeable Properties? Polarized Water or Lipids?

Ling¹

1973

Biophysical Journal

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A close correlation (r = +0.96) exists between the permeability (at 0 degrees , 4 degrees , and 25 degrees C) of H(2)O and nine other hydroxylic nonelectrolytes through reversed frog skin and through synthetic cellulose-acetate sheets. By the method of least squares, the data yield the following relation: log (P(frog skin)) = 0.9900 log (P(cellulose acetate)) -0.1659. Both the reversed frog skin and the cellulose-acetate sheets are semipermeable (while the lipoid membrane is not), showing higher permeability to water than to any other solute used in this series. The data offer support for the theory that it is not lipid, but water polarized in multilayers by cellular proteins, that provides the living cell with its selective surface barrier.

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“…From eqs. (4) and (5) and, generally, f i k = rikck. In the membrane investigated, which was a cation exchanger, c2 was small compared to cl; thus the term in eq.…”

Section: Microscopic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Osmotic Flow and the Frictional Model of an Ionic Membrane

Dawson

Dorst

Meares

1969

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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SynopsisIn the system Zeo-Karb 315 and SrBr:, a reversal of solvent flow has been found with increasing external concentration. This is not easily predicted either from Schlogl's theory or from thermodynamics. It is desired to discover what behavior of the ionic and molecular friction coefficients can cause a reversal of flow under these conditions. Dorst, Staverman, and Caramazza's treatment has been extended to permit coefficients to be calculated from a set of available transport data, which include the osmotic flows. These coefficients may be calculated from the ratio of osmotic solvent and salt fluxes, the coion tracer-diffusion coefficient, the electrical conductance, the electroosmotic permeability, and the sorption of salt by the membrane. By assuming that the friction coefficient of coion and solvent in the membrane has the same value as in free solution a set of coefficients r i k has been obtained that are consistent with the known physical requirements of the system. They show that the friction of the solvent with the matrix and with the counterions both increase with increasing external salt concentration; whereas the friction of the counterion with the matrix decreases. The obtained rik values are also consistent with the change in counterion tracer-diffusion coefficient with concentration. These results may be interpreted to mean that the coions are transported in solution-filled pore-like interstices, whereas the counterions move through a denser, gel-like medium.

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Salt Rejection by a Porous Glass

Cited by 40 publications

References 5 publications

Electrostatic correlations on the ionic selectivity of cylindrical membrane nanopores

Electrostatic correlations on the ionic selectivity of cylindrical membrane nanopores

What Component of the Living Cell Is Responsible for Its Semipermeable Properties? Polarized Water or Lipids?

Anomalous Osmotic Flow and the Frictional Model of an Ionic Membrane

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