Salt marsh vegetation in India: Species composition, distribution, zonation pattern and conservation implications

Viswanathan, C.; Ramachandran, Ramesh; Jeevamani, J. Joyson Joe; Samuel, V. Deepak; Sankar, R. Kiruba; Abhilash, K. R.; Geevarghese, G.; Muruganandam, R.; Gopi, M.; Raja, Sebastian; Das, Rocktim Ramen; Patro, Shesdev; Krishnan, P.

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106792

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, a complete map of salt marsh would not change the result of this study markedly. For example, the salt marsh extent of India has recently been mapped, finding 290.49 km 2 , approximately half a percent of global salt marsh 72 . Increased map accuracy and a uniform baseline mapping data are probably more beneficial to this analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions

Campbell

Fatoyinbo

Goldberg

et al. 2022

Nature

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Salt marshes provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration1, coastal protection2, sea-level-rise (SLR) adaptation3 and recreation4. SLR5, storm events6, drainage7 and mangrove encroachment8 are known drivers of salt marsh loss. However, the global magnitude and location of changes in salt marsh extent remains uncertain. Here we conduct a global and systematic change analysis of Landsat satellite imagery from the years 2000–2019 to quantify the loss, gain and recovery of salt marsh ecosystems and then estimate the impact of these changes on blue carbon stocks. We show a net salt marsh loss globally, equivalent to an area double the size of Singapore (719 km2), with a loss rate of 0.28% year−1 from 2000 to 2019. Net global losses resulted in 16.3 (0.4–33.2, 90% confidence interval) Tg CO2e year−1 emissions from 2000 to 2019 and a 0.045 (−0.14–0.115) Tg CO2e year−1 reduction of carbon burial. Russia and the USA accounted for 64% of salt marsh losses, driven by hurricanes and coastal erosion. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of salt marsh systems to climatic changes such as SLR and intensification of storms and cyclones.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions

Campbell

Fatoyinbo

Goldberg

et al. 2022

Nature

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“…A salt-marsh is a wet biotope located next to the coast regions, flooded by salt waters by the high tide (Viswanathan et al 2020). Despite the known importance of these organisms, there is a scarcity of studies that use this group as an indicator in the salt marsh biotope (Barnett et al 2017).…”

Section: Paleoenvironmental Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testate amoebae: a review on their multiple uses as bioindicators

et al. 2022

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Testate amoebae (TA) are unicellular protozoans enclosed in a test capable of indicating a wide variety of environmental conditions. Among others, characteristics such as short life cycle, great sensitivity and worldwide distribution makes them adequate bioindicators. As a complement to physical and chemical measurements, biomonitoring can be a cheaper and fastest way of environmental monitoring. This research sought to evaluate the extent of TA use in biomonitoring and the responses given by them to environmental features. The research was conducted in Scielo, Science Direct, Online Library, Google Scholar and Capes Journal Portal and yielded 211 papers. TA bioindication is able to provide information on metal, trace element and atmospheric pollution, and to point out different trophic states, pH, and evidence on characteristics of hydrology. Further, TA can be used in paleoenvironmental reconstruction as they reflect climate, volcanic and even sea level change phenomena. Sometimes, together with other organisms in environmental analysis, they have shown to be an important complement to biomonitoring. Additionally, a functional traits approach has been recently included as a promising tool. Methodological adjustments that have been conducted throughout the years are allowing TA use to be more reliable and precise. This review provides insight on the many possible functions of TA in bioindication studies, highlighting their wide use as bioindicators.

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“…Several natural ecosystems worldwide are currently threatened by soil salinization to an extent where they no longer can provide ecosystem services in quality and quantity [15,27,28]. There are a wide variety of ecosystems where fauna and flora are well adapted to salinity conditions [74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. However, increased salinization may lead to the disruption of the ecosystem itself or neighbouring ecosystems [81][82][83][84][85].…”

Section: Salinization Threatened Ecosystems and Plant Salt-tolerance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria as a Nature-Based Biotechnological Tool for Restoring Salt-Affected Soils

et al. 2020

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Soil salinization poses an important threat to terrestrial ecosystems and is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change and anthropogenic pressures. Conventional methods such as salt-leaching or application of soil amendments, or nature-based solutions (NBSs) such as phytoremediation, have been widely adopted with contrasting results. The use of cyanobacteria for improving soil conditions has emerged as a novel biotechnological tool for ecosystem restoration due to the unique features of these organisms, e.g., ability to fix carbon and nitrogen and promote soil stabilisation. Cyanobacteria distribute over a wide range of salt concentrations and several species can adapt to fluctuating salinity conditions. Their application in agricultural saline soil remediation has been demonstrated, mostly in laboratory studies, but there is a lack of research regarding their use in natural ecosystems restoration. In this article, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on cyanobacteria in the context of ecosystem restoration. Examples of the application of cyanobacteria in alleviating salt-stress in plants and soils are presented. Furthermore, we acknowledge gaps regarding the extensive application of cyanobacteria in salt-affected soils remediation and discuss the challenges of NBSs in salt-affected soils restoration.

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Salt marsh vegetation in India: Species composition, distribution, zonation pattern and conservation implications

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions

Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions

Testate amoebae: a review on their multiple uses as bioindicators

Cyanobacteria as a Nature-Based Biotechnological Tool for Restoring Salt-Affected Soils

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