Salt Marsh Response to Increased Tidal Inundation

Yellen, Brian; Woodruff, Jonathan D.; Baranes, Hannah; Geyer, W. Rockwell; Engelhart, Simon E.; Griswold, Frances

doi:10.1002/essoar.10510795.1

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The depth to the concurrent Pb horizon in each core illustrates along‐estuary variation in marsh sedimentation rate. North River sedimentation rates near the inlet are roughly double those in the upper estuary, and the lowest sedimentation rates are in the South River (see also Yellen et al., 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… Pb concentration depth profiles from six representative North River cores (left six panels) and one South River core (rightmost panel) collected on the marsh platform. Concentrations are derived from an XRF counts‐to‐concentration calibration (Figure S2), and the dashed line marks the onset of and early‐1900s contaminant horizon in each core (see Yellen et al., 2022 for age models). For reference, the mean and standard deviation percent clastic mass in the upper 50 cm of each core (relative to total wet mass) is listed below the core name in each panel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the 1898 Portland Gale shifted the North/South River inlet 5.6 km to the north, North River mean high water elevation instantaneously increased because the truncated length of the estuary reduced tidal attenuation. Although North River sedimentation rates have been roughly double those observed in the South River since the inlet switch, the system is still adjusting (Yellen et al., 2022). It is well established that greater marsh platform inundation depths enhance deposition (e.g., Bricker‐Urso et al., 1989; Marion et al., 2009; Pethick, 1981; Temmerman et al., 2003), so higher inundation depths on North River marsh platform may shorten the duration of high suspended sediment concentrations the channel due to enhanced trapping on the marsh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an accompanying paper, Yellen et al. (2022) find that marsh sediment deposition rates near the new inlet have been roughly double the rate of local relative sea level rise since 1898. Some abundant sediment source thus enabled the marsh to rapidly build elevation in response to a sudden increase in high water elevation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We observe high Pb concentrations (∼4,000 ppm) in the upper North River estuary freshwater tidal marsh platform above the salinity reach at C5 N and C6 N (Figure 7). In the mid-to-lower estuary, the combination of declining Pb concentration (Figure 7), increasing clastic content (Figure 6), and increasing sedimentation rates (Figure 7; Yellen et al, 2022) suggests significant dilution of contaminated fluvial sediment by a dominating marine clastic sediment source.…”

Section: Marine Sediment Sourcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources, Mechanisms, and Timescales of Sediment Delivery to a New England Salt Marsh

et al. 2022

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Tidal salt marshes are critical protectors of the coast; they buffer against erosion and flooding (Möller et al., 2014), sequester carbon (Chmura et al., 2003), provide habitat to juvenile species and migratory birds (Boesch & Turner, 1984;Hughes, 2004), and filter pollutants and excess nutrients (Sousa et al., 2010). Coastal wetland maintenance involves complex biophysical feedbacks between clastic (i.e., inorganic) sediment supply, nutrients, plant growth, and flooding (Deegan et al., 2012;Kirwan & Megonigal, 2013). Deposition of clastic sediment in the form of clays, silts, and sands allows marshes to accrete faster than would be possible via in-situ organic production alone; thus, the availability and delivery of clastic sediment is a key factor in determining salt marsh resilience to erosion and future sea level rise (e.g.,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marine Sediment Sourcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources, Mechanisms, and Timescales of Sediment Delivery to a New England Salt Marsh

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Biomass and carbon stocks in deltaic wetlands across active and inactive basins in the Mississippi River Delta, USA

Solohin

Castañeda‐Moya

Twilley

et al. 2023

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Deltaic wetlands in coastal Louisiana are experiencing widespread changes in vegetation dynamics and distribution due to rising sea level and long-term modifications in hydrology and sediment supply. Using field and remote sensing data, we investigated how aboveground biomass (AGB) and C stocks change in response to seasonality along salinity and soil nutrient gradients across different wetland habitats in two coastal basins with active (Atchafalaya - AB) and inactive (Terrebonne - TB) hydrological regimes. The highest seasonal changes in AGB and C stocks across both basins occurred in saline (SL) sites (AGB range: 343 ± 101 to 1214 ± 210 g m− 2) in early growing and peak biomass season, respectively. Biomass productivity rates varied across basins, with SL sites being the most productive, albeit less species-diverse. Foliar nutrient uptake was higher in the mineral-rich soils of AB freshwater (FW) site. In contrast, Terrebonne FW plants (as well as brackish and SL) had lower tissue nutrients and higher biomass allocation, indicating greater nutrient use efficiency with increasing salinity stress. Seasonal variation in AGB was positively correlated with porewater salinity and with soil nutrients (total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus). As hypothesized, changes in plant and soil isotopic signatures in both basins paralleled the spatiotemporal patterns in environmental stressors (e.g., elevated salinity and nutrient availability). Our findings show that in both active and inactive coastal delta basins, herbaceous wetlands maintain high biomass and C stocks by developing adaptive strategies in response to the distribution of environmental stressors and availability of resources.

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Salt Marsh Response to Increased Tidal Inundation

Cited by 2 publications

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Sources, Mechanisms, and Timescales of Sediment Delivery to a New England Salt Marsh

Sources, Mechanisms, and Timescales of Sediment Delivery to a New England Salt Marsh

Biomass and carbon stocks in deltaic wetlands across active and inactive basins in the Mississippi River Delta, USA

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