Abstract:Elytrigia atherica is a native invasive plant species whose expansion on salt marshes is attributed to genotypic and phenotypic adaptations to non-ideal environmental conditions, forming two ecotypes. It is unknown how E. atherica–microbiome interactions are contributing to its adaptation. Here we investigated the effect of sea-water flooding frequency and associated soil (a)biotic conditions on plant traits and root-associated microbial community composition and potential functions of two E. atherica ecotypes… Show more
“…Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) was used to determine the significance of differences in the bacterial community structure under different planting patterns. The correlation between the host root biomass and the rhizosphere compositional similarity was determined using the Mantel test implemented in the Vegan package in R ( Hernández et al, 2020 ).…”
Strategies involving genes in the dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) family, which participates in drought stress regulation, and intercropping with legumes are becoming prominent options in promoting sustainable sugarcane cultivation. An increasing number of studies focusing on root interactions in intercropping systems, particularly involving transgenic crops, are being conducted to better understand and thus, harness beneficial soil microbes to enhance plant growth. We designed experiments to investigate the characteristics of two intercropping patterns, soybean with wild-type (WT) sugarcane and soybean with genetically modified (GM) Ea-DREB2B-overexpressing sugarcane, to assess the response of the rhizosphere microbiota to the different cropping patterns. Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere microbial community differed between the two intercropping pattens. In addition, the biomass of GM sugarcane that intercropped with soybean was significantly improved compared with WT sugarcane, and the aboveground biomass and root biomass of GM soybean intercropping sugarcane increased by 49.15 and 46.03% compared with monoculture. Furthermore, a beneficial rhizosphere environment for the growth of Actinobacteria was established in the systems intercropped with GM sugarcane. Improving the production mode of crops by genetic modification is a key strategy to improving crop yields and provides new opportunities to further investigate the effects of intercropping on plant roots and soil microbiota. Thus, this study provides a basis for selecting suitable sugarcane–soybean intercropping patterns and a theoretical foundation for a sustainable sugarcane production.
“…Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) was used to determine the significance of differences in the bacterial community structure under different planting patterns. The correlation between the host root biomass and the rhizosphere compositional similarity was determined using the Mantel test implemented in the Vegan package in R ( Hernández et al, 2020 ).…”
Strategies involving genes in the dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) family, which participates in drought stress regulation, and intercropping with legumes are becoming prominent options in promoting sustainable sugarcane cultivation. An increasing number of studies focusing on root interactions in intercropping systems, particularly involving transgenic crops, are being conducted to better understand and thus, harness beneficial soil microbes to enhance plant growth. We designed experiments to investigate the characteristics of two intercropping patterns, soybean with wild-type (WT) sugarcane and soybean with genetically modified (GM) Ea-DREB2B-overexpressing sugarcane, to assess the response of the rhizosphere microbiota to the different cropping patterns. Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere microbial community differed between the two intercropping pattens. In addition, the biomass of GM sugarcane that intercropped with soybean was significantly improved compared with WT sugarcane, and the aboveground biomass and root biomass of GM soybean intercropping sugarcane increased by 49.15 and 46.03% compared with monoculture. Furthermore, a beneficial rhizosphere environment for the growth of Actinobacteria was established in the systems intercropped with GM sugarcane. Improving the production mode of crops by genetic modification is a key strategy to improving crop yields and provides new opportunities to further investigate the effects of intercropping on plant roots and soil microbiota. Thus, this study provides a basis for selecting suitable sugarcane–soybean intercropping patterns and a theoretical foundation for a sustainable sugarcane production.
“…Our finding that the community composition changes along the land–sea transition zone is in accordance with previous studies on salt marsh microbial communities from the North Sea Islands of Spiekeroog and Schiermonnikoog. While the abundance patterns found in our study differ for some taxa, zonal successions between the upper and lower SM [ 26 ] and between the lower SM and the pioneer zone were detected as well [ 28 ]. A study of a salt marsh chronosequence revealed that a bacterial community composition is strongly associated with the successional stages of the salt marsh and also correlates with short-term seasonal changes in environmental parameters [ 32 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…While some of the zonation-relevant variables are well described and similar between distant locations, other factors are still not fully understood [ 12 , 55 , 56 ]. However, the co-occurrence of certain bacterial taxa and the specific vegetation of salt marshes hints towards a tight interaction [ 26 , 57 , 58 ]. To what extent a bacterial community composition is a result of the environmental conditions or is a shaping variable within the salt marsh environments remains to be elucidated.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although extreme events such as oil spills and storms or high levels of eutrophication have been shown to drastically influence the natural salt marsh plant and microbe communities [ 23 , 24 ], bacterial communities appear to be generally resistant to large-scale compositional shifts [ 25 ]. Comparisons of bacterial communities between salt marsh zones of the same region have shown that differences even occur between locations of high and low inundation frequencies [ 26 , 27 ], and between the lower SM and the pioneer zone [ 28 , 29 ]. The prevalent plant community, stage of succession, soil organic matter contents, as well as phosphorous and nitrogen concentrations, have been identified to contribute to the succession of the bacterial communities.…”
Benthic microbial communities of intertidal zones perform important biogeochemical processes and provide accessible nutrients for higher organisms. To unravel the ecosystem services of salt marsh microbial communities, we analyzed bacterial diversity and metabolic potential along the land–sea transition zone on seasonal scales on the German North Sea Island of Spiekeroog. Analysis of bacterial community was based on amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and –transcripts. Insights into potential community function were obtained by applying the gene prediction tool tax4fun2. We found that spatial variation of community composition was greater than seasonal variations. Alphaproteobacteria (15%), Gammaproteobacteria (17%) and Planctomycetes (11%) were the most abundant phyla across all samples. Differences between the DNA-based resident and RNA-based active communities were most pronounced within the Planctomycetes (17% and 5%) and Cyanobacteriia (3% and 12%). Seasonal differences were seen in higher abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in March 2015 (25%) and a cyanobacterial summer bloom, accounting for up to 70% of the active community. Taxonomy-based prediction of function showed increasing potentials for nitrification, assimilatory nitrate and sulfate reduction from sea to land, while the denitrification and dissimilatory sulfate reduction increased towards the sea. In conclusion, seasonal differences mainly occurred by blooming of individual taxa, while the overall community composition strongly corresponded to locations. Shifts in their metabolism could drive the salt marsh’s function, e.g., as a potential nitrogen sink.
“…Bacterial communities are the major decomposers in the latter stage of decomposition [ 27 , 28 ]. Studies in salt marsh ecosystems not only consider microbial activity and the recycling of nutrients, but also bacterial [ 29 , 30 ] and fungal diversity [ 20 , 31 , 32 ].…”
This review brings together the research efforts on salt marsh fungi, including their geographical distribution and host association. A total of 486 taxa associated with different hosts in salt marsh ecosystems are listed in this review. The taxa belong to three phyla wherein Ascomycota dominates the taxa from salt marsh ecosystems accounting for 95.27% (463 taxa). The Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota constitute 19 taxa and four taxa, respectively. Dothideomycetes has the highest number of taxa, which comprises 47.12% (229 taxa), followed by Sordariomycetes with 167 taxa (34.36%). Pleosporales is the largest order with 178 taxa recorded. Twenty-seven genera under 11 families of halophytes were reviewed for its fungal associates. Juncus roemerianus has been extensively studied for its associates with 162 documented taxa followed by Phragmites australis (137 taxa) and Spartina alterniflora (79 taxa). The highest number of salt marsh fungi have been recorded from Atlantic Ocean countries wherein the USA had the highest number of species recorded (232 taxa) followed by the UK (101 taxa), the Netherlands (74 taxa), and Argentina (51 taxa). China had the highest number of salt marsh fungi in the Pacific Ocean with 165 taxa reported, while in the Indian Ocean, India reported the highest taxa (16 taxa). Many salt marsh areas remain unexplored, especially those habitats in the Indian and Pacific Oceans areas that are hotspots of biodiversity and novel fungal taxa based on the exploration of various habitats.
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