Salt Intake and Risk of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dias-Neto, Marina; Pintalhao, Mariana; Ferreira, Mariana; Lunet, Nuno

doi:10.1080/01635580903305391

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Epidemiologic and animal experimental data supports the relation between salted food intake and gastric cancer occurrence [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite Levels Before and after Washing in Salted Fish

Rodriguez¹

2016

Arch Clin Gastroenterol

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Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide and is globally the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths each year. Salted foods and exposure to H. pylori infection during the infancy have been considered the most important environment risk factors for gastric cancer. Despites increased access to electric energy, allowing the use of refrigerators to better conserve foods, many people keep consuming salted food, by washing them before eating with the intention of reducing salted flavor and also supposing to decrease or avoid risk of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of reducing nitrites levels in salted fish by washing the fish before consuming, to find if washing salted food should be an efficient measure to reduce, or even avoid, the nitrites related gastric cancer risk.Methods: Nine paired samples of fresh and salted fish and 20 additional samples of salted fish were taken for analyses. The nine paired samples were used to comparison of nitrites levels between salted and fresh fish, and the 20 additional salted fish samples for analyses of the effect of washing the fish in reducing nitrites levels. To simulate the usual procedure of living salted fish submersed in fresh water before consumption, we kept the salted samples under water during different periods of time and checked the nitrites levels at each "washing time". For every experiment a p value of 0•05 was considered, and t-student tests were performed. Results:The washing procedure did not reduce significantly the nitrites levels in salted fish, even after long periods of immersion (p=0•807), and the levels of nitrites in washed salted fish remained much higher than that of the fresh samples, maintaining the consumers exposed to nitrites, known carcinogens related to gastric cancer, and giving an equivocal and hazard feeling of protection to the population. Conclusion:Salted fish has higher concentration of nitrites compared to fresh. Washing, or living salted fish under water, does not provide significant decrease of the nitrites levels.

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“…Epidemiologic and animal experimental data supports the relation between salted food intake and gastric cancer occurrence [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite Levels Before and after Washing in Salted Fish

Rodriguez¹

2016

Arch Clin Gastroenterol

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“…However, the incidence rates of gastric cancer remain high in some populations, such as Japan and Korea, despite a high intake of total vegetables. This may be due to the fact that Japanese and Koreans consume vegetables mainly processed as salted or pickled vegetables instead of fresh vegetables (2,9) . In our study we evaluated the frequency of intake of green and yellow vegetables, and it was observed that the high frequency of consumption of green vegetables denoted an inverse correlation to the development of intestinal metaplasia, as evidenced in Table 1 (food 3), however in yellow vegetables (food 4) there were no significant differences between the groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work done by Dias-Neto et al (2) , sought the association between salt intake and precancerous lesions and how they can help to clarify the causal relationship to gastric cancer. They systematically reviewed 17 articles addressing the association between dietary salt exposure and gastric intestinal metaplasia and performed a meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alimentary factors in the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia in functional dyspeptic patients

Taborda

Prolla

2012

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Context -Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is a lesion in which metaplasia of gastric epithelial cells occurs for an intestinal phenotype. Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a lesion associated with an increase in the risk of gastric carcinoma development. Epidemiologic studies indicate a relation between dietary habits and stomach cancer development, some habits increasing the risk for it, and others have a protective effect, suggesting that antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, and E, decrease the risk of this type of cancer. The relationship of these alimentary factors and intestinal metaplasia is unknown. Methods -It is a case-control, observational study in which 320 patients with functional dyspepsia, divided in two groups, were assessed. The case I group (individuals with intestinal metaplasia) had their dietary pattern compared to that of the control group, constituted of individuals similar to those in the case group but without intestinal metaplasia, through a food frequency questionnaire. Results -The analysis of the dietary pattern of functional dyspeptic patients with intestinal metaplasia, and its comparison with those without intestinal metaplasia, showed a higher frequency of canned and smoked foods consumption in the first group and, on the other hand, a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables in patients without intestinal metaplasia. No effect of salt consumption was detected. Conclusions -The results obtained in this study suggest changes in the diet, with a decrease in the consumption of smoked and canned foods, and an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, can lead to a diminution of gastric intestinal metaplasia cases.

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“…Helicobacter pylori is an influential factor in the carcinogenesis of GC (6). Certain dietary characteristics, including high sodium intake or low produce consumption are recognized risk factors for GC (7,8). Many studies have also examined genetic changes related to GC development and progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic modulation associated with carcinogenesis and prognosis of human gastric cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, particularly in Asia. Epidemiological and other clinical studies have identified an association between a number of risk factors, including Helicobacter pylori, and GC. A number of studies have also examined genetic changes associated with the development and progression of GC. When considering the clinical significance of the expression of a specific gene, its epigenetic modulation should be considered. Epigenetic modulation appears to be a primary driver of changes in gastric tissue that promotes carcinogenesis and progression of GC and other neoplasms. The role of epigenetic modulation in GC carcinogenesis and progression has been widely studied in recent years. In the present review, recent results of epigenetic modulation associated with GC and their effects on clinical outcome are examined, with particular respect to DNA methylation, histone modulation and non-coding RNA. A number of studies indicate that epigenetic changes in the expression of specific genes critically affect their clinical significance and further study may reveal epigenetic changes as the basis for targeted molecular therapy or novel biomarkers that predict GC prognosis or extension of this often fatal disease.

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Salt Intake and Risk of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Nitrite Levels Before and after Washing in Salted Fish

Nitrite Levels Before and after Washing in Salted Fish

Alimentary factors in the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia in functional dyspeptic patients

Epigenetic modulation associated with carcinogenesis and prognosis of human gastric cancer

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