Salt Dissolution and Pointers to Vanished Evaporites: Karst, Breccia, Nodules and Cement

Warren, John K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13512-0_7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 405 publications

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“…These newly discovered sinkholes are most probably related to an underlying hypogenic speleogenesis (Klimchouk, 2009) that could be related to either a brineassisted dissolution of carbonates, as partly suggested by Paull and Neumann (1987), or to the dissolution of an hypothetical salt layer that has been not observed on seismic profiles (e.g. Warren, 2016;Fig. 3).…”

Section: Interpretations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…4a). In addition to the carbonate dissolution, the bench may host evaporite layers that could also be easily dissolved and may therefore form large-scale caves (Warren, 2016). No evidence for acoustic anomalies in the overlying-sinkhole water columns (#1 and #15; Appendix 1) suggests that either no fluid was presently seeping from the sinkholes #1 and #15, or the fluid was not a gaseous gas or in adequate concentrations to be detected (appendix 1).…”

Section: The Distance To the Bbe (First-order)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The abyssal giant sinkholes of the Blake Bahama Escarpment: evidence of focused deep-ocean carbonate dissolution

et al. 2022

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Section: Interpretations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Distance To the Bbe (First-order)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The abyssal giant sinkholes of the Blake Bahama Escarpment: evidence of focused deep-ocean carbonate dissolution

et al. 2022

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“…Detailed 3D seismic mapping by the authors (Peel, 2023) demonstrates the existence of substantial paleotopography on the base-Louann Salt surface, indicating a deep water setting (≥2 km water depth) at the onset of Louann deposition. Furthermore, by comparison with published charts of mineralogy versus evaporative concentration factor (Schmalz, 1969;Usiglio, 1849;Warren, 2016Warren, , 2021 the observed mineralogy of the Louann (anhydrite, halite, minor K-salts; Fredrich et al, 2007) is compatible with a relatively low evaporative concentration factor (<70), necessitating water depths ≥1,500 m to deposit salt 1-2 km thick (see Supporting Information S1).…”

Section: Deep-basin Salt Deposition?mentioning

confidence: 91%

Structural Restorations of the Complete Conjugate US‐Mexico Eastern Gulf of Mexico Margin

Curry,

Hudec,

Peel

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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We present the first sequential structural restoration with flexural backstripping of the Gulf of Mexico US‐Mexico conjugate margin salt basin. We construct four large‐scale (100s of km) balanced, sequential structural restorations to investigate spatio‐temporal patterns of subsidence, geometry of the original salt basin, feedbacks between post‐salt structural and stratigraphic evolution, paleo‐bathymetry, and crustal configurations. The restorations are based on interpretations of 2D and 3D seismic data, and include sequential sedimentary decompaction, flexural isostatic backstripping, and thermal isostatic corrections. The spatially variable crustal thinning factor is directly measured from seismic data, and lithologic parameters are determined by well penetrations. We present a model for the original salt basin and discuss evidence for and implications of a deep water salt basin setting for the GoM. Our analysis suggests a salt basin that contained ∼1–2 km thick salt in a basin 175–390 km across with ∼1 km of bathymetry after salt deposition. The base of salt is mostly smooth with <1 km of local relief in the form of normal faults that disrupt a pre‐salt sedimentary section. We find that supra‐salt extension and shortening are not balanced, with measurable extension exceeding shortening by 18–30 km on each cross‐section. Our subsidence analysis reveals anomalous subsidence totaling 1–2 km during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times that may reflect dynamic topography or depth‐dependent thinning. We offer an interpretation of crustal breakup invoking pre‐salt clastic sedimentation, salt deposition in a deep water syn‐thinning basin, and post‐salt lower‐crustal exhumation.

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“…In evaporite horizons, the breccias are the typical end result of evaporite dissolution (Swennen et al 1990;Warren 2016). Collapse breccias resulting from evaporite dissolution by fresh water flushing has been genetically associated with dedolomitized sections in many previous case studies (Arenas et al 1999;Rameil 2008).…”

Section: Origin Of the Brecciated Dedolomitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and origin of dedolomites of the Ordovician Majiagou formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin, China: implications for reservoir quality

Wang

Huang

2021

Carbonates Evaporites

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Dedolomites, the replacement of dolomite by calcite, are widely distributed in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation of the southeastern Ordos Basin, China, which critically affects reservoir quality throughout the region. Two types of dedolomites were recognized in the upper 100 m of the Majiagou Formation, namely brecciated dedolomite and crystalline dedolomite. The petrographic and geochemical data reveal that the investigated dedolomites are often associated with clay minerals and dissolution-collapse breccia, indicating their close relationship with erosional unconformities. The relative negative δ18O and δ13C values and relative high Fe, Mn contents of dedolomite with respect to corresponding dolomite are interpreted as being result from meteoric phreatic water involvement. The dedolomitization process related to subaerial exposure is conventionally interpreted to be formed by dolomite dissolution and calcite precipitation. The rhombic shape crystals in the brecciated dedolomite was formed by an Mg2+-loss process under evaporite solution conditions, which retain the rhombic shape of the dolomite. The crystalline dedolomites, however, were formed by dissolution/precipitation and recrystallization process to form medium to coarse calcite mosaic with very low intercrystalline porosity. The resulting fabrics are mainly controlled by the paleo-topography. The precursor dolomite of the crystalline dedolomite is primarily recrystallized mudstone, which is more soluble and favorable for calcite precipitation. The crystalline dedolomite mostly occurs in the low paleotopographic locations, where the karst-saturated water with respect to CaCO3 is more concentrated, occluding the remaining porosity when excess calcium is supplied. It’s, therefore, recommended to implement drilling in tectonic highland and avoid low paleotopographic locations.

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Salt Dissolution and Pointers to Vanished Evaporites: Karst, Breccia, Nodules and Cement

Cited by 5 publications

References 405 publications

The abyssal giant sinkholes of the Blake Bahama Escarpment: evidence of focused deep-ocean carbonate dissolution

The abyssal giant sinkholes of the Blake Bahama Escarpment: evidence of focused deep-ocean carbonate dissolution

Structural Restorations of the Complete Conjugate US‐Mexico Eastern Gulf of Mexico Margin

Petrography and origin of dedolomites of the Ordovician Majiagou formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin, China: implications for reservoir quality

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