Salt and subsidence in Cheshire, England

Curvature analysis as a tool for subsidence-related risk zones identification in the city of Tuzla (BiH)

“…Articles dealing with such phenomena have been published by Bell (1975) and Cooper (1996Cooper ( , 2002, who studied several cases in Great Britain within the Permian and Triassic evaporitic (halite deposits) terrain affected by natural and artificial dissolution that produced karstic landforms and subsidence, and by Reuter and Stoyan (1993), who investigated sinkholes in German karst regions. The large impact of natural Triassic and Tertiary evaporites dissolution has been widely investigated in Spain by Gutiérrez et al (2001Gutiérrez et al ( , 2002.…”

Impacts of abandoned mine workings on aspects of urban development

“…Most of the old bell pit and pillar-and-stall workings were quite shallow, at depths of less than about 50 m. Salt, too, has been extracted-both by the extraction of natural brines (wild brining) and by the pumping of water into the ground to dissolve the mineral followed by pumping of the brine to the surface (controlled solution mining). 5 More modern coal mining has been carried out largely by the use of longwall methods, in which the area adjacent to the working face is supported to protect the miners. Once a long section of coal has been extracted the support is moved forward and the previously supported roof is allowed to collapse.…”

The description and classificatioin of weathered rocks for engineering purposes

“…With a high supply of fresh water to the system, the solutions may become too dilute for attack on minerals to occur, whereas with too little water the activity ceases because the solutions become saturated with reaction products. Similarly, unless removed by erosional processes, the solid products of chemical weathering action may form a protective barrier against further weathering action (Bell 1992). In some circumstances, weathering processes can be reactivated by engineering works that change the stress conditions or the composition or quantity of groundwater.…”

“…The consequences of weathering depend on the mineralogy, microtexture and structure of the original rock as well as the operation of the various processes of weathering and erosion (Bell 1992). Some authors have addressed the subject with reference to a particular climatic region, for example the Middle East by Fookes (1978), while others concentrate on particular lithologies, for example gneiss (Dobereiner & Porto 1993), mudrocks (Taylor & Spears 1970;Taylor & Cripps 1987;Hawkins & Pinches 1992), chalk and limestones (Wakeling 1970;Fookes & Hawkins 1988), sandstones (deFreitas 1993), metasediments (Beggs & Tonks 1985) and granites (Irfan & Dearman 1978b;Onodera et aL 1974;Brenner et al 1978).…”